trux

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Latin

Etymology

Of unclear origin.

De Vaan prefers to connect the word to Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”), assuming a sound change from Proto-Indo-European *dr- > Latin tr-. However, this assumes that the Celtic form derives from a Proto-Indo-European root starting with *dr- (instead of a different consonant cluster like *dʰr-), which is far from certain.

An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *truḱ-, a metathesis of *turḱ-, zero-grade of *twerḱ- (“to cut”). In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx), Old Irish tru, troich (“fated to die”) and others in Sanskrit and Hittite.

Pronunciation

Adjective

trux (genitive trucis, comparative trucior, superlative trucissimus, adverb truciter); third-declension one-termination adjective

  1. wild, rough, harsh, savage, fierce, ferocious
    Synonyms: ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, acerbus, sevērus
    Antonyms: mītis, tranquillus, misericors, placidus, quietus, clemens
  2. grim, stern

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative trux trucēs trucia
Genitive trucis trucium
Dative trucī trucibus
Accusative trucem trux trucēs trucia
Ablative trucī
truce 		trucibus
Vocative trux trucēs trucia

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Italian: truce

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 631
  2. ^ Partridge, Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English

Maltese

Root
t-r-x
4 terms

Etymology

From Arabic. The Maltese plural directly continues طُرْش (ṭurš), plural of أَطْرَش (ʔaṭraš). The singular might go back to an intensive/frequentative form *طَرُوش (*ṭarūš) or might be a backformation from truxija (“deafness”). There is also a possibility of Aramaic influence; compare Mandaic (ṭrūš, ṭarūš, “deaf”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

trux (feminine singular truxa, plural torox, diminutive trajjax or trajjex)

  1. deaf
    Synonym: turxan
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