tu-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "tu"

Kamba

Alternative forms

Prefix

tu-

  1. we (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Lushootseed

Alternative forms

Prefix

tu-

  1. inflectional prefix applied to any lexical category functioning as predicate or complement to indicate past tense

Middle English

Etymology 1

Prefix

tu-

  1. Alternative form of to- (“towards”)

Etymology 2

Prefix

tu-

  1. Alternative form of to- (“apart”)

Swahili

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-.

Prefix

tu-

  1. we, 1st person plural subject concord
    Antonym: hatu-
See also
Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
Number Person Independent Subject concord Object concord Combined forms Possessive
affirmative negative na ndi- si-
Singular First mimi ni- si- -ni- nami, na mimi ndimi, ndiye simi, siye -angu
Second wewe u- hu- -ku- nawe, na wewe ndiwe, ndiye siwe, siye -ako
Third yeye a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- naye, na yeye ndiye siye -ake
Plural First sisi tu- hatu- -tu- nasi, na sisi ndisi, ndio sio -etu
Second ninyi m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -wa- nanyi, na ninyi ndinyi, ndio sinyi, sio -enu
Third wao wa- hawa- -wa- nao ndio sio -ao
Reflexive — — -ji- — —
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-.

Prefix

tu-

  1. verb-initial form of -tu- (“us, 1st person plural object concord”)

Tooro

Alternative forms

  • (before vowels) tw-

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-.

Prefix

tu-

  1. we; 1st person plural subject concord
    ‎tu- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎tukora (“we do”)
  2. positive imperative form of -tu- (“us; 1st person plural object concord”)
    ‎tu- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎tuha (“give us”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-.

Prefix

tu-

  1. class 13 pronominal concord
    ‎tu- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎tunu (“these (class 13)”)
  2. they; class 13 subject concord
    ‎tu- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎tukora (“they (class 13) do”)
  3. positive imperative form of -tu- (“them; class 13 object concord”)
    ‎tu- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎tuha (“give them (class 13)”)

See also

Tooro personal pronouns
Class Person Independent Possessive Subject concord Object concord Combined forms
na ni
Class 1 First nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
Second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
Third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
Class 2 First itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
Second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
Third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
Class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
Class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
Class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
Class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
Class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
Class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
Class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
Class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
Class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
Class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
Class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
Class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
Class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
(...-yo) 		-ha- N/A nukwo
Class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
(...-mu) 		-ha- N/A numwo
Reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 413-414

Uneapa

Etymology

From earlier *natu- via truncation, from Proto-Oceanic *natu, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *natu.

Pronunciation

Noun

tu-

  1. child

Further reading

  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

Prefix

tu-

  1. Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel u.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument 		postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-1
second person amödö ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above
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