tupsahtaa

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Finnish

Etymology

Sound-symbolic +‎ -ahtaa[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

tupsahtaa

  1. to happen unexpectedly
    Vieraat tulla tupsahtivat.
    Suddenly, the guests came.

Conjugation

Inflection of tupsahtaa (Kotus type 53*F/muistaa, t-d gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. tupsahdan en tupsahda 1st sing. olen tupsahtanut en ole tupsahtanut
2nd sing. tupsahdat et tupsahda 2nd sing. olet tupsahtanut et ole tupsahtanut
3rd sing. tupsahtaa ei tupsahda 3rd sing. on tupsahtanut ei ole tupsahtanut
1st plur. tupsahdamme emme tupsahda 1st plur. olemme tupsahtaneet emme ole tupsahtaneet
2nd plur. tupsahdatte ette tupsahda 2nd plur. olette tupsahtaneet ette ole tupsahtaneet
3rd plur. tupsahtavat eivät tupsahda 3rd plur. ovat tupsahtaneet eivät ole tupsahtaneet
passive tupsahdetaan ei tupsahdeta passive on tupsahdettu ei ole tupsahdettu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. tupsahdin en tupsahtanut 1st sing. olin tupsahtanut en ollut tupsahtanut
2nd sing. tupsahdit et tupsahtanut 2nd sing. olit tupsahtanut et ollut tupsahtanut
3rd sing. tupsahti ei tupsahtanut 3rd sing. oli tupsahtanut ei ollut tupsahtanut
1st plur. tupsahdimme emme tupsahtaneet 1st plur. olimme tupsahtaneet emme olleet tupsahtaneet
2nd plur. tupsahditte ette tupsahtaneet 2nd plur. olitte tupsahtaneet ette olleet tupsahtaneet
3rd plur. tupsahtivat eivät tupsahtaneet 3rd plur. olivat tupsahtaneet eivät olleet tupsahtaneet
passive tupsahdettiin ei tupsahdettu passive oli tupsahdettu ei ollut tupsahdettu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. tupsahtaisin en tupsahtaisi 1st sing. olisin tupsahtanut en olisi tupsahtanut
2nd sing. tupsahtaisit et tupsahtaisi 2nd sing. olisit tupsahtanut et olisi tupsahtanut
3rd sing. tupsahtaisi ei tupsahtaisi 3rd sing. olisi tupsahtanut ei olisi tupsahtanut
1st plur. tupsahtaisimme emme tupsahtaisi 1st plur. olisimme tupsahtaneet emme olisi tupsahtaneet
2nd plur. tupsahtaisitte ette tupsahtaisi 2nd plur. olisitte tupsahtaneet ette olisi tupsahtaneet
3rd plur. tupsahtaisivat eivät tupsahtaisi 3rd plur. olisivat tupsahtaneet eivät olisi tupsahtaneet
passive tupsahdettaisiin ei tupsahdettaisi passive olisi tupsahdettu ei olisi tupsahdettu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. tupsahda älä tupsahda 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. tupsahtakoon älköön tupsahtako 3rd sing. olkoon tupsahtanut älköön olko tupsahtanut
1st plur. tupsahtakaamme älkäämme tupsahtako 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. tupsahtakaa älkää tupsahtako 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. tupsahtakoot älkööt tupsahtako 3rd plur. olkoot tupsahtaneet älkööt olko tupsahtaneet
passive tupsahdettakoon älköön tupsahdettako passive olkoon tupsahdettu älköön olko tupsahdettu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. tupsahtanen en tupsahtane 1st sing. lienen tupsahtanut en liene tupsahtanut
2nd sing. tupsahtanet et tupsahtane 2nd sing. lienet tupsahtanut et liene tupsahtanut
3rd sing. tupsahtanee ei tupsahtane 3rd sing. lienee tupsahtanut ei liene tupsahtanut
1st plur. tupsahtanemme emme tupsahtane 1st plur. lienemme tupsahtaneet emme liene tupsahtaneet
2nd plur. tupsahtanette ette tupsahtane 2nd plur. lienette tupsahtaneet ette liene tupsahtaneet
3rd plur. tupsahtanevat eivät tupsahtane 3rd plur. lienevät tupsahtaneet eivät liene tupsahtaneet
passive tupsahdettaneen ei tupsahdettane passive lienee tupsahdettu ei liene tupsahdettu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st tupsahtaa present tupsahtava tupsahdettava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st tupsahtaakseni tupsahtaaksemme
2nd tupsahtaaksesi tupsahtaaksenne
3rd tupsahtaakseen
tupsahtaaksensa
past tupsahtanut tupsahdettu
2nd inessive2 tupsahtaessa tupsahdettaessa agent4 tupsahtama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st tupsahtaessani tupsahtaessamme
2nd tupsahtaessasi tupsahtaessanne
3rd tupsahtaessaan
tupsahtaessansa
negative tupsahtamaton
instructive tupsahtaen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

* The third-person singular indicative form tupsahtaa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd inessive tupsahtamassa —
elative tupsahtamasta —
illative tupsahtamaan —
adessive tupsahtamalla —
abessive tupsahtamatta —
instructive tupsahtaman tupsahdettaman
4th3 verbal noun tupsahtaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st tupsahtamaisillani tupsahtamaisillamme
2nd tupsahtamaisillasi tupsahtamaisillanne
3rd tupsahtamaisillaan
tupsahtamaisillansa

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

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