turris

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Latin

Etymology

    Borrowed from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) (Hesychius), τύρσις (túrsis), likely ultimately a Mediterranean substrate loan. Compare Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós, “Etruscan”). Also compare the tribe Taurini.[1]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    turris f (genitive turris); third declension

    1. tower, especially a military tower for siege, advanced to the walls on wheels, or one on a wall for defense; loosely used of a high building
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.86:
        Nōn coeptae adsurgunt turrēs, .
        Towers, partially built, rise up no , .
        (Literally: having been begun.)
    2. (Late Latin, chess) rook

    Declension

    Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -im or occasionally -em, ablative singular in -ī or -e).

    singular plural
    nominative turris turrēs
    genitive turris turrium
    dative turrī turribus
    accusative turrim
    turrem     		turrēs
    turrīs
    ablative turrī
    turre     		turribus
    vocative turris turrēs

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Eastern Romance
      • Aromanian: turon
      • Romanian: turn
    • Gallo-Italic
    • Italo-Dalmatian
    • Old French: tor (see there for further descendants)
      • Middle French: tour
        • French: tour (see there for further descendants)
      • Walloon: tour
    • Old Occitan: torre
    • Rhaeto-Romance
    • Venetan: tor, tore
    • West Iberian
      • Navarro-Aragonese:
      • Old Leonese:
      • Old Galician-Portuguese: torre
        • Galician: torre
        • Portuguese: torre (see there for further descendants)
      • Old Spanish: torre
        • Spanish: torre (see there for further descendants)
    • → Proto-Celtic:
    • → Albanian: turrë

    See also

    Chess pieces in Latin · latrunculī, mīlitēs scaccōrum (layout · text)
    ♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
    rēx rēgīna turris sagittifer eques pedes

    References

    1. ^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “turris”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 719-20

    Further reading

    • “turris”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “turris”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • turris in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • turris in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to build a tower: turrim excitare, erigere, facere
      • to raise towers: turres instituere, exstruere
    • “turris”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “turris”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
    • “turris”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
    • New Latin Grammar, Allen and Greenough, 1902.
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