tuvs

From Proto-Baltic *tu-was, from Proto-Indo-European *tu- “there, here,” from the pronominal stem *to- (whence tas (“that”), q.v.); cf. Old Church Slavonic тоу (tu, “there”), Old East Slavic ту (tu, “there, here”), Russian, Ukrainian тут (tut, “here”), Belarusian ту́та (túta), Bulgarian тука (tuka, “here, hither”), Czech tu, tuto (“here”), Polish tu, tuta, tutaj (“here”), tuż (“immediately; next door”). Cognates include Lithuanian tuvi (“now, immediately”), Old Prussian tawischen, tawischen, tawisen (“closer, nearer”) (accusative).^[1]

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tuvs (definite tuvais, comparative tuvāks, superlative vistuvākais, adverb tuvu)

1. close, near, nearby (located, living, coming from, happening in a place that is not far)

   tuva darbavieta ― a nearby workplace

   tuva atbalss, gaisma ― a close echo, light

   aiziet līdz tuvajam ezeram ― to go to a nearby lake

   apsēsties uz tuvākā krēsla ― to sit on the closest, nearest chair

   kinoteātris atradās tuvākajā šķērsielā, un Aleksandrs Papīrs iegāja tajā ― the cinema was situated in the closer street, and Aleksandrs Papīrs entered it (= street)

   apvārsnis šķita tuvs, gandrīz ar roku taustāms ― the horizon seemed near, almost touchable with (one's) hand(s)

   Aldona cepa tortes tuvākiem un tālākiem kaimiņiem ― Aldona baked pies to (our) closer and farther neighbors

   drīz vien Mazuriju durvis sāka virināt tuvi un tāli ļaudis ― soon people (from) near and far began to open and close the doors of Mazurija

2. near, short (which can be completed in relatively short time) (of rides, walks)

   tuvs pārgājiens ― a short (lit. close, near) stroll, walk

   līdz skolai ir tuvs brauciens ― to the school it is a short (lit. close, near) ride

3. near, recent (separated from the present by a short time interval)

   tuva pagātne, nāktone ― recent past, future

   tuvas rīta ausmas ― the near (= coming) morning dawn

   tuvākajās nedēļās ― in the nearest (= next, coming) weeks

   tuvs priekštecis ― near, close predecessor

   gatavoties tuvajai ziemai ― to get ready for the near (= coming) winter

   un mērnieku mēs tev atsūtīsim tuvākajās dienās ― and we'll send you a (land) surveyor in the nearest (= next, coming) days

4. close, similar (sharing common features, similarities; related)

   tematiski tuvi daiļdarbi ― thematically close works of fiction

   funkcionāli tuvas metodes ― functionally close, similar methods

   tuvas koku sugas ― close tree species

   tuvas valodu grupas ― close (= closely related) language groups

   tuva radniecība ― close (kinship) relation

   sengrieķu zinātnē algebras idejām vistuvākais bija Diofanta traktāts “Aritmētika” ― in Ancient Greek science, the (work) closest to the ideas of algebra was Diophantus' treatise “Arithmetics”

   antropologus pārsteidza fakts, ka agrīnie neandertālieši pēc savas uzbūves bijuši tuvāki cilvēkam nekā vēlīnās formas ― anthropologists were surprised by the fact that early Neanderthals were closer to (modern) people by their (physical) structure than later forms (of Neanderthals)

   Līze izrīkoja mātei mazas bēres, kurās salūdza vistuvākos radus ― Līze organized a small funeral for (her) mother, to which (only) the closest relatives were invited

5. (usually superlative, of people) closest, nearest (with whom there are direct important connections, e.g. at work, in an activity)

   tuvākā priekšniecība ― closest superiors

   tuvākais darba vadītājs ― closest advisor

   progresīvie skolotāji bija iemīlējuši Jesena “Jaunības Tekas” un līdz ar tām varbūt arī mani kā to tuvāko līdzstrādnieku ― the progressive teachers had fallen in love with Jesens's “Youthful Path” and maybe also with me as his closest collaborator

6. close (well-known, with whom there is a friendly relation; expressing such a relation) (of people, their relations)

   tuvs draugs, kolēģis ― close friend, colleague

   tuvs studiju biedrs ― close study companion

   tuvi paziņas ― close acquaintances

   tuva draudzība ― close friendship

   viņi kļuva tuvi ― they became close (= friendly, intimate)

   viņa ilgi klīda pa šaurajām ieliņām, tik tuvām un aprastām kopš agras bērnības ― she wandered for a while by the narrow little streets, so close and familiar since (her) early childhood

7. (usually comparative) fuller, better, closer, further, more detailed

   tuvāki paskaidrojumi ― further explanations

   dabūt tuvākas ziņas ― to obain further information

   tuvāks notikuma apraksts ― a closer, more detailed description of the event

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