twr

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tuːr/
  • Conventional anglicization: tur

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to show respect to (people or statues of the dead), to treat reverently
2. (intransitive) to act respectful, to show respect (+ ḥr: to)
3. (transitive) to worship, to honor (a god)
4. (transitive, of a priest or son of the dead) to honor (the dead)
5. (transitive, of the king) to honor, to magnify, to bestow honors on (one’s officials)
6. (transitive) to hail, to greet respectfully
   • 12th Dynasty, The Story of Sinuhe line 11:
   • c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 10–11:

     ḫp.n.j z ꜥḥꜥ(.w) m r(ꜣ)-wꜣt t(w)r.n.f wj snḏ(.j) n.f

     I crossed a man standing on the road and he saluted me, but I feared him.

7. (intransitive, with r) to keep one’s distance from or respect (someone’s possessions), to not violate (someone’s property)

Inflection

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr  

tr	trj	trj	twr	twrj

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr  

tr	tr	ṯr	tjwr
			only attested in the Instruction of Amenemope

By the Middle Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting the phonetic weakening or loss of r at the end of a syllable; further, the middle consonant w becomes commonly omitted.

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to turn away, to reject (someone unwanted as a companion, something unwanted to drink, etc.)

Inflection

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr  

twr	twr	twr	twr	twr	twr	twr	ṯwr	twrj	trj

By the New Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting the phonetic weakening or loss of r at the end of a syllable; further, the middle consonant w becomes occasionally omitted.

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to make (something sacred) ritually clean with water, natron, or incense; to cleanse, to purify (+ r: of (evil, pollution, etc.))
2. (intransitive) to be(come) ritually pure or clean
3. (intransitive, of the sky) to be(come) clear (+ r: of (clouds))

Inflection

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr  

twrj	twrj	ṯwrj	tjwr	dwr	dwr	dwr

By the New Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting the phonetic weakening or loss of r at the end of a syllable. The middle consonant w is generally not omitted.

Noun

 m

1. ritual purity or cleanliness

Noun

 m

1. cleaner-priest
2. epithet of the king or the god Horus

Inflection

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr  

dwr

Noun

 m

1. a kind of plant, possibly a kind of reed, used medicinally and said to be given to the dead in the afterworld

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr  

twrj	trj	twrj
		in hieratic

By the Middle Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting the phonetic weakening or loss of r at the end of a syllable; further, the middle consonant w becomes commonly omitted.

Proper noun

 m

1. a body of water in the afterworld

References

• “twr (lemma ID 854576)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “twr (lemma ID 170380)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “twr (lemma ID 170390)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “twr (lemma ID 170320)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “twr (lemma ID 170400)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 252.3–252.5, 252.10–255.4, 318.1–318.8, 318.12–318.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 295, 300

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh twrr, from Proto-Brythonic *turr (Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr), from Latin turris (“tower”) (compare Old English torr (“a high rock, tower”)). Doublet of tŵr.

More at English tor and w:Tor (rock formation) § Etymology. Also compare Latin Taurini.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʊr/
• Rhymes: -ʊr

Noun

twr m (plural tyrrau)

1. crowd, group
2. heap, pile

Derived terms

• tyrru

Mutation

References

• A Book of Dartmoor (1900), p. 15
• Crossing's Guide to Dartmoor, 1912 Edition, 1965 Reprint (David & Charles, Newton Abbot)