From Old Irish tíagu, téigi, téit (“I go, you go, (s)he goes”).[1] Ulster Irish preserves the irregular third singular as téid or théid.
The past forms independent chuaigh and dependent deachaigh are from Old Irish do·coïd and Old Irish ·dechuid (“(s)he went”), respectively the deuterotonic and prototonic forms of augmented preterite of téit.
The future and conditional stems rach-/ragh- are from regaid (“(s)he will go”).
téigh (present analytic téann, future analytic rachaidh, verbal noun dul, past participle dulta)
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
in Munster, the future and conditional are built on the stem ragh-, and the second-person imperatives have different forms:
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
future | raghaidh mé; raghad |
raghaidh tú; raghair |
raghaidh sé, sí | raghaimid | raghaidh sibh | raghaidh siad; raghaid |
a raghaidh / a raghaidh* |
raghfar |
conditional | raghainn | raghfá | raghadh sé, sí | raghaimis | raghadh sibh | raghaidís | a raghadh / a raghadh* |
raghfaí |
imperative | téim | téir; téire |
téadh sé, sí | téimís | téigidh; téiridh |
téidís | — | téitear |
in Connemara, the future, the conditional, and the second-person singular imperative are supplied by gabh. The second-person singular also has an alternative form built on the tei- stem, and the verbal noun and past participle are built on the stem go- (which may be etymologically identical to gabh):
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
future | gabhfaidh mé | gabhfaidh tú | gabhfaidh sé, sí | gabhfaidh muid | gabhfaidh sibh | gabhfaidh siad | a ghabhfaidh / a ngabhfaidh* |
gabhfar |
conditional | ghabhfainn / ngabhfainn‡‡ | ghabhfá / ngabhfᇇ | ghabhfadh sé, sí / ngabhfadh sé, s퇇 | ghabhfadh muid / ngabhfadh muid‡‡ | ghabhfadh sibh / ngabhfadh sibh‡‡ | ghabhfaidís / ngabhfaidís‡‡ | a ghabhfadh / a ngabhfadh* |
ghabhfaí / ngabhfa퇇 |
imperative | téim | gabh; téire |
téadh sé, sí | téimis | téigí | téidís | — | téitear |
verbal noun | goil | |||||||
past participle | goite |
in Ulster, an analytic present indicative form téid, théid exists alongside the standard form téann. In the past tense, the dependent forms begin with th- in leniting environments and dt- in eclipsing environments. In addition, alternative forms of the imperative (except the autonomous) are supplied by gabh, and the verbal noun is also built on the go- stem:
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative | téim | téann tú; téid/théid tú |
téann sé, sí; téid/théid sé, sí |
téimid; téann muid; téid/théid muid |
téann sibh; téid/théid sibh |
téann siad; téid/théid siad |
a théann; a théid / a dtéann*; a dtéid* |
téitear |
past dependent (lenited) | theachaigh mé | theachaigh tú | theachaigh sé, sí | theachaigh muid theachamar |
theachaigh sibh | theachaigh siad | a theachaigh* | theachthas |
past dependent (eclipsed) | dteachaigh mé | dteachaigh tú | dteachaigh sé, sí | dteachaigh muid dteachamar |
dteachaigh sibh | dteachaigh siad | a dteachaigh* | dteachthas |
imperative | téim; gabhaim |
téigh; gabh |
téadh sé, sí; gabhadh sé, sí |
téimis; gabhaimis |
téigí; gabhaigí |
téadh siad; gabhadh siad |
— | téithear |
verbal noun | goil |
From Old Irish téigid (“warms, heats”).[3]
téigh (present analytic téann, future analytic téifidh, verbal noun téamh, past participle téite) (transitive, intransitive)
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
radical | lenition | eclipsis |
---|---|---|
téigh | théigh | dtéigh |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.