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until in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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English
Etymology
From Middle English vntil, until, untill, ontil, ontill, equivalent to un- (“against; toward; up to”) + till. Perhaps representing a northern variant of Middle English unto. See unto.
Pronunciation
- (UK) enPR: ŭn-tĭlʹ, ən-tĭlʹ IPA(key): /ʌnˈtɪl/, /ənˈtɪl/, /ʊnˈtɪl/
- (US) enPR: ŭn-tĭlʹ, ən-tĭlʹ IPA(key): /ʌnˈtɪl/, /ənˈtɪl/
- (Appalachians, also) enPR: ŭn-tĭlʹ IPA(key): /ˈʌntəl/
- Rhymes: -ɪl
- Hyphenation: un‧til
Preposition
until
- Up to the time of (something happening).
If you can wait until after my meeting with her, we'll talk then.
2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.
- Up to (a certain place)
Keep walking until the second set of traffic lights, then turn left.
- Before (a time).
1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:I was about to say that I had known the Celebrity from the time he wore kilts. But I see I will have to amend that, because he was not a celebrity then, nor, indeed, did he achieve fame until some time after I left New York for the West.
2013 June 21, Chico Harlan, “Japan pockets the subsidy …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 30:Across Japan, technology companies and private investors are racing to install devices that until recently they had little interest in: solar panels. Massive solar parks are popping up as part of a rapid build-up that one developer likened to an "explosion."
- (obsolete) To; physically towards.
Usage notes
- Occasionally used without an object, to mean up to the (unspecified) time supplies run out or ...the activity (work, hiring, etc) is finished, e.g. a posting for a job or bake sale stating it will last "from 2pm until."
Synonyms
Antonyms
Translations
up to the time of
- Afrikaans: totdat (af), tot (af)
- Amharic: እስከ (ʾəskä)
- Arabic: حَتَّى (ar) (ḥattā)
- Egyptian Arabic: لغايت (leḡayyet)
- Hijazi Arabic: إلين (ʔilēn)
- Asturian: hasta (ast)
- Bashkir: тиклем (tiklem), хәтлем (xətlem), ҡәҙәр (qəźər)
- Basque: arte
- Belarusian: да (da)
- Bengali: অবধি (bn) (obodhi), পর্যন্ত (bn) (porjonto)
- Bulgarian: до (bg) (do)
- Burmese: အထိ (my) (a.hti.)
- Catalan: fins (ca)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 到 (dou3), 至 (zi3)
- Mandarin: 直到 (zh) (zhídào), 直至 (zh) (zhízhì), 至 (zh) (zhì)
- Czech: do (cs)
- Danish: indtil
- Dutch: totdat (nl), tot (nl)
- Esperanto: ĝis (eo)
- Estonian: kuni (et)
- Fala: hasta
- Finnish: saakka (fi), asti (fi)
- French: jusque (fr), jusqu’à (fr)
- Galician: deica, endeica
- Georgian: -მდე (-mde)
- German: bis (de), bis zu, bis an
- Greek: μέχρι (el) (méchri), ως (el) (os)
- Ancient: ἕως (héōs) (+ gen.), μέχρι (mékhri) (+ gen.), μέσφα (méspha) (+ gen.), ἄχρι (ákhri) (+ gen.)
- Hebrew: עַד (he) (ad)
- Hindi: ... तक (hi) (... tak)
- Hungarian: -ig (hu)
- Icelandic: þangað til (is), fyrr en (is), uns (is), þar til (is)
- Ido: til (io)
- Ingrian: saa, nasse, nas, nast, asse, ast, as
- Irish: go dtí
- Old Irish: co
- Italian: finché (it), fino a quando, fino a
- Japanese: まで (ja) (made)
- Kapampangan: angga
- Korean: 까지 (-kkaji)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: heta (ku), ta (ku)
- Latin: usque ad
- Latvian: līdz
- Lithuanian: kol (lt), iki (lt)
- Macedonian: до (do), сѐ до (sè do)
- Malay: sehingga (ms)
- Maltese: sa, sakemm
- Maori: āpānoa, rā anō, rānō, tae noa ki
- Mbyá Guaraní: peve
- Mirandese: até
- Ngazidja Comorian: hata mpaka
- Occitan: fins (oc)
- Old English: oþ
- Persian: تا (fa) (tâ)
- Plautdietsch: bat (nds)
- Polish: do (pl), aż do (pl)
- Portuguese: até (pt), até que
- Romanian: până (ro), până când, până ce
- Russian: до (ru) (do)
- Scottish Gaelic: gu, gus
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: до̏
- Roman: dȍ (sh)
- Slovak: do (sk)
- Slovene: do (sl)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: do
- Upper Sorbian: do
- Spanish: hasta (es)
- Sranan Tongo: te kon miti
- Swahili: mpaka (sw)
- Swedish: tills (sv)
- Tajik: то (tg) (to)
- Tocharian B: eṃṣke
- Turkish: kadar (tr), dek (tr)
- Ukrainian: до (uk) (do)
- Urdu: ... تک (... tak), جب تک (jab tak)
- Uyghur: -غىچە (ug) (-ghiche), -قىچە (ug) (-qiche), -گىچە (ug) (-giche), -كىچە (ug) (-kiche), -غا قەدەر (-gha qeder), -قا قەدەر (-qa qeder), -گە قەدەر (-ge qeder), -كە قەدەر (-ke qeder)
- Vietnamese: cho đến, đến (vi), cho tới, tới (vi)
- Walloon: diski (wa), disk' a, (before subordinate clause) disk' a tant ki
- West Frisian: oant
- Yiddish: ביז (biz)
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Translations to be checked
Conjunction
until
- Up to the time that (a condition becomes true).
1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street. […]. He halted opposite the Privy Gardens, and, with his face turned skywards, listened until the sound of the Tower guns smote again on the ear and dispelled his doubts.
2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.
- Before (a condition becoming true).
1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC:It is never possible to settle down to the ordinary routine of life at sea until the screw begins to revolve. There is an hour or two, after the passengers have embarked, which is disquieting and fussy.
Synonyms
Translations
up to the time that
- Arabic: حَتَّى (ar) (ḥattā), إِلَى أَنْ (ʔilā ʔan)
- Bulgarian: докато (bg) (dokato)
- Burmese: အထိ (my) (a.hti.)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 到 (dou3), 至 (zi3)
- Mandarin: 直到 (zh) (zhídào), 直至 (zh) (zhízhì), 至 (zh) (zhì)
- Dutch: totdat (nl)
- Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
- Estonian: kuni (et)
- Finnish: kunnes (fi)
- French: jusqu’à ce que (fr), jusqu’au moment où (fr)
- German: bis (de)
- Greek: ώσπου (el) (óspou), ωσότου (el) (osótou)
- Ancient Greek: μέχρι (mékhri), ἕως (héōs)
- Hebrew: עד (he) (ád)
- Hindi: तक (hi) (tak), तलक (hi) (talak), पर्यंत (paryant)
- Hungarian: amíg…nem, ameddig…nem
- Interlingua: usque (ia)
- Irish: go dtí go
- Old Irish: co
- Japanese: ...まで (ja) (...made)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: heta (ku), ta (ku), heta ku (ku)
- Latin: donec (la)
- Macedonian: до́дека не (dódeka ne)
- Moroccan Amazigh: ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ (aylliḡ), ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ (allig), ⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵉ (al ami), ⴰⵍ ⵖⴰ (al ḡa)
- Ndzwani Comorian: ta
- Old English: oþ þæt
- Polish: aż (pl)
- Portuguese: até (pt)
- Romanian: până (ro)
- Russian: пока́ не (ru) (poká ne), до тех пор, пока́ не (do tex por, poká ne)
- Sanskrit: पर्यन्तम् (paryantam)
- Slovene: dokler
- Spanish: hasta (es), hasta que
- Swedish: tills (sv)
- Tocharian B: eṃṣke
- Ukrainian: допо́ки (dopóky), по́ки (póky)
- Urdu: تَک (tak), پَرْیَنْت (paryant)
- Uyghur: -غىچە (ug) (-ghiche), -قىچە (ug) (-qiche), -گىچە (ug) (-giche), -كىچە (ug) (-kiche)
- Vietnamese: cho đến khi, đến khi, cho đến lúc, đến lúc, cho tới khi, tới khi, tới lúc
- Walloon: disca tant ki (wa)
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Translations to be checked
Derived terms
References
- ^ Hall, Joseph Sargent (March 2, 1942), “2. The Vowel Sounds of Unstressed and Partially Stressed Syllables”, in The Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 4), New York: King's Crown Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § I.5, page 59.
Anagrams