us

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "us"

English

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Etymology 1

From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”). The compensatory lengthening was lost in Middle English due to the word being unstressed while being used. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).

Pronunciation

  • (stressed) enPR: ŭs, IPA(key): /ʌs/, /ʌz/
  • (unstressed) (US) IPA(key): /əs/, (UK) IPA(key): /əs/, /əz/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌs

Pronoun

us

  1. (personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.
    Used where "me" would be used instead of "I", e.g. for the pronoun in isolation or as the complement of the copula:
    Who's there? —Us. (or) —It's us.
    Who's going to go? —Us. We'll go.
  2. (Commonwealth, colloquial, chiefly with give) Me.
    Give us a look at your paper.
    Give us your wallet!
    She's turned the weans against us!
  3. (Northern England) Our.
    We'll have to throw us food out.
  4. (Northumbria) Me (in all contexts).
    Look at us while you’re speaking to us.
    Could you do that for us?
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Translations
See also
English personal pronouns
Dialectal and obsolete or archaic forms are in italics.
personal pronoun possessive
pronoun		 possessive
determiner
subjective objective reflexive
first person singular I
me (colloquial)		 me myself
me
mysen		 mine my
mine (before vowels, archaic)
me
plural we us ourselves
ourself
oursen		 ours our
second person singular standard, formal you you yourself
yoursen		 yours
yourn (obsolete outside dialects)		 your
archaic, informal thou thee thyself
theeself
thysen		 thine thy
thine (before vowels)
plural standard you
ye (archaic)		 you yourselves yours
yourn (obsolete outside dialects)		 your
colloquial you all
y'all
you guys		 you all
y'all
you guys		 y'allselves y'all's
you guys'
your guys' (proscribed)		 y'all's
your all's (nonstandard)
you guys'
your guys' (proscribed)
informal / dialectal (see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries)
third person singular masculine he him himself
hisself (archaic)
hissen		 his
hisn (obsolete outside dialects)		 his
feminine she her herself
hersen		 hers
hern (obsolete outside dialects)		 her
neuter it
hit		 it
hit		 itself
hitself		 its
his (archaic)		 its
his (archaic)
hits
genderless they them themself, themselves theirs their
genderless, nonspecific
(formal) 		one one oneself – one's
plural they them
hem, 'em		 themselves
theirsen		 theirs
theirn (obsolete outside dialects)		 their

Determiner

us

  1. The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person.
    It's not good enough for us teachers.
See also

Etymology 2

Derived from the similarity between the letter u and the Greek letter µ.

Symbol

us

  1. Alternative spelling of µs: microsecond
    • 2002, Peter Spasov, Microcontroller Technology, the 68HC11, page 489:
      ;wait 500 us
    • 2012, Peter Feiler, David Gluch, Model-Based Engineering with AADL:
      The standard units are ns (nanoseconds), us (microseconds), ms (milliseconds), sec (seconds), min (minutes), and hr (hours).
    • 2014, Michael Corey, Jeff Szastak, Michael Webster, Virtualizing SQL Server with VMware: Doing IT Right, page 198:
      Because the flash devices are local to the server, the latencies can be microseconds (us) instead of milliseconds (ms) and eliminate some traffic that would normally have gone over the storage network.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

us

  1. (rare) Alternative form of u's.

Anagrams

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vōs.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

us (proclitic and contracted enclitic, enclitic vos)

  1. you (plural, direct or indirect object)
  2. Contraction of vos.

Usage notes

  • us is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs.
    Si us plau. ― Please.
    Si no us importa. ― If you don't mind.
  • -us is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
    Volia veure-us. ― I wanted to see you.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Further reading

Central Franconian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /us/, (stressed optionally) /uːs/

Etymology 1

From Middle High German ūz, from Proto-Germanic *ūt.

Preposition

us (+ dative)

  1. (Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) out of, from
    • 1936, Inscription on the Schwarze Katz well in Zell:
      He steiht ferm wie en Zeller us dem Hamm.
      He stands firm as a Zell man from the Hamm .
Usage notes
  • Where it occurs in Moselle Franconian, it generally does so only in unstressed position while the stressed form is aus, ous.
Alternative forms

Etymology 2

From Middle High German uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Loss of the nasal is due to a sporadic development (analogous to the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant-law, but later and not systematic); compare Luxembourgish eis, Limburgish ós.

Pronoun

us

  1. (most of Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) Dative/accusative first-person plural personal pronoun: us
Alternative forms

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

Alternative forms

  • os (Mañegu)

Article

us m pl (singular u, feminine a, feminine plural as)

  1. (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Masculine plural definite article; the

Pronoun

us

  1. (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them
See also
Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Article

us m pl (singular un, feminine unha, feminine plural unhas)

  1. (Lagarteiru) Masculine singular indefinite article; some

References

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French us, from Latin ūsus.

Pronunciation

Noun

us m pl (plural only)

  1. (plural only) mores; traditional practices or manners

Usage notes

Related terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Gothic

Romanization

us

  1. Romanization of 𐌿𐍃

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n-sme- (“us”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

us (nominative we)

  1. First-person plural accusative pronoun: us.
  2. (reflexive) ourselves.
  3. (reciprocal) each other.

Synonyms

Descendants

  • English: us
  • Scots: us, hus
  • Yola: ouse, ouz, uz

See also

Middle English personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive possessive
singular 1st-person I, ich, ik me min
mi1		 min
2nd-person þou þe þin
þi1		 þin
3rd-person m he him
hine2		 him his his
hisen
f sche, heo hire
heo 		hire hire
hires, hiren
n hit hit
him2		 his, hit —
dual3 1st-person wit unk unker
2nd-person ȝit inc inker
plural 1st-person we us, ous oure oure
oures, ouren
2nd-person4 ye yow your your
youres, youren
3rd-person inh. he hem
he2		 hem here here
heres, heren
bor. þei þem, þeim þeir þeir
þeires, þeiren

1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

References

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ûs or us

  1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.
  2. (possesive pronoun) Alternative form of uns.

Declension

Possesive pronoun:

Declension of us
nominative accusative dative genitive
Strong declension
Masculine ûs ûsen ûsem(e) (ûsennote) ûses
Neuter ûs
Feminine ûse ûser(e)
Plural ûse ûsen ûser(e)
Weak declension
Masculine ûse ûsen ûsen
Neuter ûse
Feminine ûsen
Plural ûsen
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.

Norman

Etymology

From Old French uis, from Latin ostium.

Noun

us m (plural us)

  1. door

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s, *nes. Cognates include Old Frisian ūs (West Frisian ús), Old Saxon ūs (Low German os, ons), Dutch ons, Old High German uns (German uns), Old Norse oss (Swedish oss), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin nos.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ūs

  1. accusative/dative of wē: (to) us

Descendants

Old French

Etymology

From Latin ūsus.

Noun

us oblique singular, m (oblique plural us, nominative singular us, nominative plural us)

  1. tradition or custom

Descendants

  • French: us

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Cognates include Old English ūs, Old Saxon ūs and Old Dutch uns.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ūs

  1. accusative/dative of wī

Inflection

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
nominative ik thū hī hiū, hiō hit wī jī hiā
accusative mī thī hine hiā hit ūs jū, jō hiā
dative mī thī him hire, hiāre him ūs jū, jō him, hirem, hiārem
genitive mīn thīn sīn hire, hiāre sīn ūser jūwer hira, hiāra

Descendants

  • North Frisian:
    Most dialects: üs
    Sylt: üüs
  • Saterland Frisian: uus
  • West Frisian: ús

References

  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Noun

us

  1. plural of u

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.

Noun

ȕs f (Cyrillic spelling у̏с)

  1. fishbone

References

  • “us” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اوص (us), from Proto-Turkic *us (“mind, reason”).

Noun

us (definite accusative usa, plural uslar)

  1. mind
  2. reason
  3. intelligence

Declension

Inflection
Nominative us
Definite accusative usu
Singular Plural
Nominative us uslar
Definite accusative usu usları
Dative usa uslara
Locative usta uslarda
Ablative ustan uslardan
Genitive usun usların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular usum uslarım
2nd singular usun usların
3rd singular usu usları
1st plural usumuz uslarımız
2nd plural usunuz uslarınız
3rd plural usları usları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular usumu uslarımı
2nd singular usunu uslarını
3rd singular usunu uslarını
1st plural usumuzu uslarımızı
2nd plural usunuzu uslarınızı
3rd plural uslarını uslarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular usuma uslarıma
2nd singular usuna uslarına
3rd singular usuna uslarına
1st plural usumuza uslarımıza
2nd plural usunuza uslarınıza
3rd plural uslarına uslarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular usumda uslarımda
2nd singular usunda uslarında
3rd singular usunda uslarında
1st plural usumuzda uslarımızda
2nd plural usunuzda uslarınızda
3rd plural uslarında uslarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular usumdan uslarımdan
2nd singular usundan uslarından
3rd singular usundan uslarından
1st plural usumuzdan uslarımızdan
2nd plural usunuzdan uslarınızdan
3rd plural uslarından uslarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular usumun uslarımın
2nd singular usunun uslarının
3rd singular usunun uslarının
1st plural usumuzun uslarımızın
2nd plural usunuzun uslarınızın
3rd plural uslarının uslarının

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*us”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Tz'utujil

Noun

us

  1. fly (insect)

Volapük

Adverb

us

  1. there

West Frisian

Pronoun

us

  1. object of wy
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia