us
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "us"
English
Etymology 1
Etymology tree
From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”). The compensatory lengthening was lost in Middle English due to the word being unstressed while being used. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).
Pronunciation
- (stressed) enPR: ŭs, IPA(key): /ʌs/, /ʌz/, (Local Dublin) IPA(key): /ʊs/
- (unstressed) (US) IPA(key): /əs/, (UK) IPA(key): /əs/, /əz/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ʌs
Pronoun
us
- (personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, (King James Version), London: Robert Barker, , →OCLC, Luke 1:1:
- Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us...
- Used where "me" would be used instead of "I", e.g. for the pronoun in isolation or as the complement of the copula:
- Who's there? —Us. (or) —It's us.
- Who's going to go? —Us. We'll go.
- (Commonwealth, colloquial, chiefly with give) Me.
- Give us a look at your paper.
- Give us your wallet!
- She's turned the weans against us!
- (Northern England) Our.
- We'll have to throw us food out.
- (Northumbria) Me (in all contexts).
- Look at us while you’re speaking to us.
- Could you do that for us?
Alternative forms
Derived terms
- after us the deluge
- all your base are belong to us
- and so say all of us
- bless us
- can you tell us
- come down to us
- God preserve us
- it happens to the best of us
- let us
- let us count the ways
- let us go
- my very educated mother just served us nachos
- my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas
- my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins
- my very educated mother just served us noodles
- my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas
- no longer with us
- nothing about us without us
- still with us
- tell us another
- tell us another one
- them-and-us
- the poor we will always have with us
- they hate us 'cause they ain't us
- till death do us part
- till death us do part
- us-and-them
- us-and-them-ism
- us selves
- usses
- us versus them
- with us
Translations
objective case of "we"
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See also
English personal pronouns
Dialectal and obsolete or archaic forms are in italics.
Determiner
us
- The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person.
- It's not good enough for us teachers.
See also
Etymology 2
Derived from the similarity between the letter u and the Greek letter µ.
Symbol
us
- Alternative spelling of µs: microsecond
- 2002, Peter Spasov, Microcontroller Technology, the 68HC11, page 489:
- ;wait 500 us
- 2012, Peter Feiler, David Gluch, Model-Based Engineering with AADL:
- The standard units are ns (nanoseconds), us (microseconds), ms (milliseconds), sec (seconds), min (minutes), and hr (hours).
- 2014, Michael Corey, Jeff Szastak, Michael Webster, Virtualizing SQL Server with VMware: Doing IT Right, page 198:
- Because the flash devices are local to the server, the latencies can be microseconds (us) instead of milliseconds (ms) and eliminate some traffic that would normally have gone over the storage network.
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
us
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
us (proclitic and contracted enclitic, enclitic vos)
Usage notes
- us is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs.
- Si us plau. ― Please.
- Si no us importa. ― If you don't mind.
- -us is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
- Volia veure-us. ― I wanted to see you.
Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
Further reading
- “us” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “us”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “us” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Central Franconian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle High German ūz, from Proto-Germanic *ūt.
Preposition
us (+ dative)
- (Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) out of, from
- 1936, Inscription on the Schwarze Katz well in Zell:
- He steiht ferm wie en Zeller us dem Hamm.
- He stands firm as a Zell man from the Hamm .
Usage notes
- Where it occurs in Moselle Franconian, it generally does so only in unstressed position while the stressed form is aus, ous.
Alternative forms
- uus, uss
- aus, ous (Moselle Franconian)
Etymology 2
From Middle High German uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Loss of the nasal is due to a sporadic development (analogous to the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant-law, but later and not systematic); compare Luxembourgish eis, Limburgish ós.
Pronoun
us
- (most of Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) Dative/accusative first-person plural personal pronoun: us
Alternative forms
- uus, uss
- oos, os, oss (common variant)
- uns, ons (Kölsch, also younger byform in many other dialects)
Fala
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.
Alternative forms
- os (Mañegu)
Article
us m pl (singular u, feminine a, feminine plural as)
- (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Masculine plural definite article; the
Pronoun
us
- (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them
See also
Fala personal pronouns
| nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
| plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
| masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
| feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
| second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
| plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
| masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
| feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
| third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
| feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
| plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
| feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
| reflexive | — | se, -si | sí | |||
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Article
us m pl (singular un, feminine unha, feminine plural unhas)
- (Lagarteiru) Masculine singular indefinite article; some
References
- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French us, from Latin ūsus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ys/, (less often) /y/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ys, -y
- Homophones: eusse, eussent, eusses (with /s/), eu, eue, eues, eus, eut, eût, u (without /s/), hue, huent, hues (without /s/, aspirated)
Noun
us m pl (plural only)
- (plural only) mores; traditional practices or manners
Usage notes
- Now almost exclusively used in us et coutumes (“mores and customs”).
Related terms
Further reading
- “us”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.
Anagrams
Gothic
Romanization
us
- Romanization of 𐌿𐍃
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n-sme- (“us”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
us (nominative we)
- First-person plural accusative pronoun: us.
- (reflexive) ourselves.
- (reciprocal) each other.
Synonyms
Descendants
See also
Middle English personal pronouns
| nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | possessive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | 1st-person | I, ich, ik | me | min mi1 |
min | ||
| 2nd-person | þou | þe | þin þi1 |
þin | |||
| 3rd-person | m | he | him hine2 |
him | his | his hisen | |
| f | sche, heo | hire heo |
hire | hire hires, hiren | |||
| n | hit | hit him2 |
his, hit | — | |||
| dual3 | 1st-person | wit | unk | unker | |||
| 2nd-person | ȝit | inc | inker | ||||
| plural | 1st-person | we | us, ous | oure | oure oures, ouren | ||
| 2nd-person4 | ye | yow | your | your youres, youren | |||
| 3rd-person | inh. | he | hem he2 |
hem | here | here heres, heren | |
| bor. | þei | þem, þeim | þeir | þeir þeires, þeiren | |||
1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References
- “ū̆s, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 11 May 2018.
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ûs or us
- (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.
- (possesive pronoun) Alternative form of uns.
Declension
Possesive pronoun:
Declension of us
| nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong declension | ||||
| Masculine | ûs | ûsen | ûsem(e) (ûsennote) | ûses |
| Neuter | ûs | |||
| Feminine | ûse | ûser(e) | ||
| Plural | ûse | ûsen | ûser(e) | |
| Weak declension | ||||
| Masculine | ûse | ûsen | ûsen | |
| Neuter | ûse | |||
| Feminine | ûsen | |||
| Plural | ûsen | |||
| The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period. | ||||
Norman
Etymology
From Old French uis, from Latin ostium.
Noun
us m (plural us)
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s, *nes. Cognates include Old Frisian ūs (West Frisian ús), Old Saxon ūs (Low German os, ons), Dutch ons, Old High German uns (German uns), Old Norse oss (Swedish oss), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin nos.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ūs
- accusative/dative of wē: (to) us
Descendants
Old French
Etymology
Noun
us oblique singular, m (oblique plural us, nominative singular us, nominative plural us)
Descendants
- French: us
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Cognates include Old English ūs, Old Saxon ūs and Old Dutch uns.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ūs
- accusative/dative of wī
Inflection
Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
Descendants
References
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -us
Noun
us
Scots
Etymology
Inherited from Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”).
Pronoun
us
See also
Scots personal pronouns
| personal pronoun | possessive pronoun |
possessive determiner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| subjective | objective | reflexive | |||||
| first person | singular | A, I, Ik | me | mysel | mine, mines | mine, my | |
| plural | we | us, we | oorsel, oorsels | oors | our | ||
| second person | singular | standard (formal) | ye you, yow |
ye you, yow |
yersel yoursel |
yers yours |
yer your |
| Insular (informal) | thoo | thee | thysel, theesel | thines | thy, thee, thees | ||
| plural | ye, yese you, youse |
ye, yese you, youse theer |
yesels yoursels |
yers yours |
yer your | ||
| third person | singular | masculine | he, e | him, im | himsel, hissel | his, is | his, is |
| feminine | scho, she, shu | her, er | hersel | hers | her, er | ||
| neuter | it hit |
it hit |
itsel hitsel |
its hits |
its hits | ||
| genderless, nonspecific (formal) |
ane | ane | – | – | ane's | ||
| plural | thay | thaim | thaimsel, thaimsels | thairs | thair | ||
References
- “us, pers. pron.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 7 June 2024, reproduced from William A Craigie, A J Aitken , editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.
- “us, pers. pron.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 7 June 2024, reproduced from W Grant and D D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.
Noun
ȕs f (Cyrillic spelling у̏с)
References
- “us”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish اوص (us), from Proto-Turkic *us (“mind, reason”).[1]
Noun
us (definite accusative usu, plural uslar)
Declension
| Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nominative | us | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | usu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | us | uslar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | usu | usları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dative | usa | uslara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | usta | uslarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ablative | ustan | uslardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | usun | usların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*us”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Tz'utujil
Noun
us
- fly (insect)
Volapük
Adverb
us
- there
- 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:
- Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.
- Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.
West Frisian
Pronoun
us