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Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *vaimo, from Proto-Uralic *wajŋe. Cognates include Finnish vaimo (“wife”), Northern Sami váibmu (“heart”), Erzya ойме (ojme, “soul; breath”) and Moksha вайме (vajme, “soul; breath”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvɑi̯m/,
- Rhymes: -ɑim
- Hyphenation: vaim
Noun
vaim (genitive vaimu, partitive vaimu)
- spirit, soul (everything psychic in a human being (especially thinking, consciousness) as opposed to the physical)
- Terves kehas terve vaim. ― A healthy mind in a healthy body.
- Vaim on valmis, aga liha nõder. ― The spirit is eager, but the flesh is weak. (Matthew 26:41)
- mind, spirit, psyche (inner world, inner being; state of mind, mentality)
- Tal on rahutu vaim. ― (S)he has a restless mind.
- ärksa vaimuga inimene ― a person with a lively mind
- Emal oli rohkem praktilist vaimu kui isal. ― Mum had a more practical mind than Dad.
- fantaasiarikka vaimuga kunstnik ― an artist with an imaginative mind
- Oma vaimult oli ta ägedusele kalduv. ― In spirit, (s)he tended to be impetuous.
- Püüab lugemisega oma vaimu värskendada. ― (S)he tries to refresh his/her mind by reading.
- Tema vaim januneb teadmiste järele. ― His/her mind thirsts for knowledge.
- Kunst ülendab vaimu. ― Art elevates the psyche.
- See on täiesti vaimu nüristav töö. ― It's absolutely mind-numbing work.
- Tema meelest olevat see kõik tühi töö ja vaimu närimine. ― (S)he said it was all idle work and mind chewing (= pointless activity).
- Küllalt eakas juba, ent ta vaim on ikka veel nooruslik. ― (S)he is quite old, but his/her spirit is still youthful.
- (chiefly in the inessive case) imagination, mind's eye
- Vaimus näeb ta end juba uues korteris. ― In his/her imagination, (s)he already sees him/herself in the new apartment.
- Kuulen vaimus sinu etteheiteid. ― I can hear your criticism in my mind.
- Elatud elu libises vaimus ta silme eest läbi. ― The life (s)he had lived flashed before his/her mind's eye.
- Mingem vaimus tagasi aastasse 1941. ― Let's imagine ourselves being back in the year 1941.
- Ma ei saa kaasa tulla, kuid vaimus olen teiega. ― I can't come, but I'm with you in spirit.
1913, Oskar Luts, chapter VIII, in Kewade II, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, page 53:Tulgu lugeja meiega waimus Kiusna küla poole kaasa, seal, poole tee peal, Kiusna ja Paunwere wahel, Supsi talu maa peal, sammu paarsada maanteest, on wäike, puudest ja põõsastest ümbritsetud majakene.- Let the reader follow us in their imagination towards the village of Kiusna, there, halfway between Kiusna and Paunvere, on the land of Supsi farm, about a few hundred paces from the road, is a small house surrounded by trees and bushes.
1967, Lydia Koidula, “Mälestusi [Memories]”, in Aino Undla-Põldmäe, compiler, Väike luuleraamat (poetry), Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, →ISBN, page 107:Jälle tõused vaimu ette, / kaljuvalla kallis rand! / Jälle purjed lahe vette / mälestuse lootsik kann'd! / Jälle järve niiskeil harjul / lendab tuule vägedel, / sügavama hiie varjul / hõiskab kõrgeil mägedel!- Again you show yourself in my mind, / dear beach of Kaljuvald! / Again the skiff of memory / has carried its sails into the gulf water! / Again on the lake's damp crest / it flies with the wind's forces, / in the shade of the deepest grove / it shouts on the high mountains!
- spirit, mind (a way of thinking that characterises a collective, a period; its characteristic beliefs, inherent mentality)
- isamaaline vaim ― patriotic spirit
- Siin majas on teised kombed ja teine vaim. ― There are different customs and a different way of thinking in this house.
- Vilistlastes elab edasi kuulsa kooli vaim. ― The spirit of the famous school lives on in its alumni.
- Tänapäeva ühiskonnas on mõjule pääsemas karjääritegemise vaim. ― A careerist way of thinking is gaining ground in today's society.
- Olen õigluse vaimus kasvatatud. ― I was brought up in the spirit of justice.
- Romantika ning idealismi vaimus sirgunud põlvkond. ― A generation grown up in the spirit of romanticism and idealism.
- võimu ja vaimu vastuolud ühiskonnas ― contradictions of power and mind in society
1969, Ilmar Sikemäe, “Mõtteid sõjast ja sõdimisest [Reflections on War and Warfare]”, in Sada lugu [A Hundred Stories], Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, →ISBN, page 114:Ja siis hakatakse jälle rääkima tapamasinate piiramisest ja keelamisest, plahvatusainete luku taha panemisest ja uue põlvkonna kasvatamisest sõja vihkamise vaimus.- And then there will be more talk of restricting and banning killing machines, locking up explosives and raising a new generation to hate war.
- (literally, “ in the spirit of hating war.”)
- (in the inessive case) in the spirit of (in a certain way, manner, fashion, kind)
- Muutustest ei tulnud midagi välja ja nii elati vanas vaimus edasi. ― Nothing came of the changes and so life went on as usual.
- Pidu kestis samas vaimus hommikuni. ― The party continued in the same spirit until the morning.
1961, Ilmar Sikemäe, “See ei ole minevik [This is Not the Past]”, in Näoga tuleviku poole [Face the Future], Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, →ISBN, page 229:See lugu sai alguse karikatuurist klassitahvlil. Oli meil saksa keele õpetaja, keda hüüdsime Kähkaks. Pärisnimi oli Käfer, herr Wilhelm Käfer. Aasta kuuekümnene kõhn mehike, ehtne balti sakslane. Ta ei piirdunud ainult saksa keelega, vaid püüdis meile — alles lapseohtu inimestele — ühtlasi saksa meelt sisse pumbata, ikka selles vaimus, et kõik hea ja tähtis on sakslaste asutatud, leiutatud, tehtud ja toodetud.- This story started with a caricature on a classroom blackboard. We had a German teacher we called Kähka. His real name was Käfer, Herr Wilhelm Käfer. A skinny man in his sixties, a real Baltic German. He did not confine himself to the German language, but also tried to instil in us, still in our tender years, the German character, always in the spirit that everything good and important was founded, invented, made and produced by Germans.
- person, soul
- On tema alles rahutu vaim! ― Now isn't (s)he a restless soul!
- Meie ema on üks väsimatu vaim, kõike ta jõuab teha. ― Our mother is a tireless soul, she can do everything.
- Ainult kõrgesti haritud vaimud suudavad seda mõista. ― Only highly educated people can understand this.
- Kultuuri viivad edasi suured loovad vaimud. ― Culture is driven forward by great creative minds.
- (historical) a corvee labourer at a manor
- ghost, spirit (a disembodied supernatural being in various religions)
- soul of the dead, ghost; phantom
- surnute vaimud ― spirits of the dead
- Mõned inimesed usuvad tonte ja vaime. ― Some people believe in ghosts and spirits.
- Mees oli kindel, et nägi lossikeldris vaimu. ― The man was sure he saw a ghost in the castle basement.
- Rahvauskumuse järgi on aastavahetusel kõik vaimud liikvel. ― Folklore has it that all the ghosts are on the move on New Year's Eve.
- vaimude tund ― hour of the spirits (= usually midnight)
- guardian spirit, tutelary deity
- Kotermann on laeva kaitsev vaim. ― A gremlin is the ship's guardian spirit.
1880, Eduard Bornhöhe, chapter V, in Tasuja [The Avenger], Tallinn: A. E. Brandt, page 39:Wanamees oli sügaw loomusetundja, kes metsarohtude parandawat wäge pruukida mõistis. Ta oli kaugel ümberringi waese rahwa arst, keda kui jumalikku imetegijat auustati. Tema ise ei salganud ilmasgi rohtude loomuliku aitamise wäge, ega püüdnud rahwalle nõiakunstist teha. Siiski uskusiwad talupojad kindlaste, et ta üleloomulist asju mõistab ja waimudega ümberkäib, ja auustasiwad teda sedaenam.- [Vanamees oli sügav loodusetundja, kes metsarohtude parandavat väge kasutada mõistis. Ta oli kaugel ümberringi vaese rahva arst, keda kui imetegijat austati. Tema ise ei salanud ilmaski rohtude loomulikku arstimise jõudu ega püüdnud nõiakunstniku nime saada. Siiski uskusid talupojad kindlasti, et ta üleloomulikke asju tunneb ja vaimudega läbi käib ja austasid teda seda enam.]
- The old man was an experienced naturalist who knew how to use the healing power of forest herbs. He was a doctor to the poor people far and wide, revered as a miracle man. He himself made no secret of the natural healing power of the herbs, nor did he seek to be called a sorcerer. However, the peasants certainly believed that he knew supernatural things and communed with spirits, and they respected him all the more.
- evil spirit, a malevolent creature
- Külas räägitakse, et vanaeit pidavat ühendust kuradi ja kurjade vaimudega. ― In the village, it is said that the old lady has contact with the devil and evil spirits.
- Nõdrameelseid on peetud kurjast vaimust vaevatuiks. ― The mentally ill have been considered to be plagued by evil spirits.
- Jooksis, nagu oleksid tal kurjad vaimud kannul. ― He ran as if evil spirits were at his heels.
- (Christianity) spirit (God himself or his creative, life-giving power)
- Püha Vaim ― Holy Spirit
1957, Friedebert Tuglas, chapter 2, in Felix Ormusson. Valik novelle. (Teosed; 2), 2nd edition, Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, →ISBN, page 210:On nagu ussid meid kiusavad mõtted: nad roomates hingesse vaovad. On nagu tuuled nad samuti: tõusevad, paisuvad, kaovad. Kes teab nende mõtete suurust, ehk ise me nemad küll sünnitand? Kes teab nende kasvu ja jätku või millal nad kustuvad? Nad noortel võimsad ja tormised on kui põletav marutuul, nad vaiksed ning hallid vanadel on kui taevas talvisel kuul. Nad noortel ihkavad kangelastegu, suurt, uhket sangaritööd, kuid vanadel veerevad vaikselt ja vaanelt kesk suvist hämarat ööd. Siis otsivad tõe ja õiguse põhja ning jumala vaimu me sees, siis uurivad tundmata taevaste elu, mis ootavat alles meid ees.- They're like worms, the thoughts that tempt us: they crawl into the soul. They are like winds, too: they rise, swell, fade. Who knows the greatness of these thoughts, perhaps we ourselves have given birth to them? Who knows their growth and their endurance, or when they will be extinguished? They are mighty and stormy in the young as a burning fury wind, they are silent and grey in the old as the sky in the winter moon. They in the young crave heroic deeds, great, glorious chariots, but in the old roll silent and lurking in the midst of the summer's dark night. Then they seek truth and justice and the spirit of God in us, then they search the unknown life of the heavens, which is yet to come.
Declension
Derived terms
Compounds
References
- vaim in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
- “vaim”, in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009