vanha

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Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vanha, from Proto-Finno-Permic *wanša. Cognate with Estonian vana, Komi-Zyrian важ (važ), Udmurt вуж (vuž).

Pronunciation

Adjective

vanha (comparative vanhempi, superlative vanhin)

  1. old (of age)
    Synonym: iäkäs
    Antonyms: nuori (young) (of people, animals, etc. and occasionally also of things), uusi (new) (of things)
  2. old, former
    Synonym: entinen
  3. expired
    Synonyms: vanhentunut, (of food) eltaantunut, pilaantunut

Declension

Inflection of vanha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative vanha vanhat
genitive vanhan vanhojen
partitive vanhaa vanhoja
illative vanhaan vanhoihin
singular plural
nominative vanha vanhat
accusative nom. vanha vanhat
gen. vanhan
genitive vanhan vanhojen
vanhain rare
partitive vanhaa vanhoja
inessive vanhassa vanhoissa
elative vanhasta vanhoista
illative vanhaan vanhoihin
adessive vanhalla vanhoilla
ablative vanhalta vanhoilta
allative vanhalle vanhoille
essive vanhana vanhoina
translative vanhaksi vanhoiksi
abessive vanhatta vanhoitta
instructive vanhoin
comitative vanhoine
Possessive forms of vanha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative vanhani vanhani
accusative nom. vanhani vanhani
gen. vanhani
genitive vanhani vanhojeni
vanhaini rare
partitive vanhaani vanhojani
inessive vanhassani vanhoissani
elative vanhastani vanhoistani
illative vanhaani vanhoihini
adessive vanhallani vanhoillani
ablative vanhaltani vanhoiltani
allative vanhalleni vanhoilleni
essive vanhanani vanhoinani
translative vanhakseni vanhoikseni
abessive vanhattani vanhoittani
instructive
comitative vanhoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative vanhasi vanhasi
accusative nom. vanhasi vanhasi
gen. vanhasi
genitive vanhasi vanhojesi
vanhaisi rare
partitive vanhaasi vanhojasi
inessive vanhassasi vanhoissasi
elative vanhastasi vanhoistasi
illative vanhaasi vanhoihisi
adessive vanhallasi vanhoillasi
ablative vanhaltasi vanhoiltasi
allative vanhallesi vanhoillesi
essive vanhanasi vanhoinasi
translative vanhaksesi vanhoiksesi
abessive vanhattasi vanhoittasi
instructive
comitative vanhoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative vanhamme vanhamme
accusative nom. vanhamme vanhamme
gen. vanhamme
genitive vanhamme vanhojemme
vanhaimme rare
partitive vanhaamme vanhojamme
inessive vanhassamme vanhoissamme
elative vanhastamme vanhoistamme
illative vanhaamme vanhoihimme
adessive vanhallamme vanhoillamme
ablative vanhaltamme vanhoiltamme
allative vanhallemme vanhoillemme
essive vanhanamme vanhoinamme
translative vanhaksemme vanhoiksemme
abessive vanhattamme vanhoittamme
instructive
comitative vanhoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative vanhanne vanhanne
accusative nom. vanhanne vanhanne
gen. vanhanne
genitive vanhanne vanhojenne
vanhainne rare
partitive vanhaanne vanhojanne
inessive vanhassanne vanhoissanne
elative vanhastanne vanhoistanne
illative vanhaanne vanhoihinne
adessive vanhallanne vanhoillanne
ablative vanhaltanne vanhoiltanne
allative vanhallenne vanhoillenne
essive vanhananne vanhoinanne
translative vanhaksenne vanhoiksenne
abessive vanhattanne vanhoittanne
instructive
comitative vanhoinenne

Derived terms

compounds

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vanha. Cognates include Finnish vanha and Estonian vana.

Pronunciation

Adjective

vanha (comparative vanhemp)

  1. old
  2. former

Declension

Declension of vanha (type 3/kana, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative vanha vanhat
genitive vanhan vanhoin
partitive vanhaa vanhoja
illative vanhaa vanhoi
inessive vanhaas vanhois
elative vanhast vanhoist
allative vanhalle vanhoille
adessive vanhaal vanhoil
ablative vanhalt vanhoilt
translative vanhaks vanhoiks
essive vanhanna, vanhaan vanhoinna, vanhoin
exessive1) vanhant vanhoint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of old): noori (young); uus (new)

Derived terms

References

  • Fedor Tumansky (1790) “ванга”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 701
  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 57
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 638
  • Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку, →ISBN, page 76

Karelian

Regional variants of vanha
North Karelian
(Viena)
vanha
South Karelian
(Tver)
vanha

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vanha. Cognates include Finnish vanha and Estonian vana.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʋɑnhɑ/
  • Hyphenation: van‧ha

Adjective

vanha (genitive vanhan, partitive vanhua, comparative vanhempi / vanhembi, superlative vanhin)

  1. old

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of vanha (type 4/kala, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative vanha vanhat
genitive vanhan vanhojen
partitive vanhua vanhoja
illative vanhah vanhoih
inessive vanhašša vanhoissa
elative vanhašta vanhoista
adessive vanhalla vanhoilla
ablative vanhalta vanhoilta
translative vanhakši vanhoiksi
essive vanhana vanhoina
comitative vanhoineh
abessive vanhatta vanhoitta
Tver Karelian declension of vanha (type 4/kala no gradation)
singular plural
nominative vanha vanhat
genitive vanhan vanhoin
partitive vanhua vanhoida
illative vanhah vanhoih
inessive vanhašša vanhoissa
elative vanhašta vanhoista
adessive vanhalla vanhoilla
ablative vanhalda vanhoilda
translative vanhakši vanhoiksi
essive vanhana vanhoina
comitative vanhanke vanhoinke
abessive vanhatta vanhoitta
Possessive forms of vanha
1st person vanhani
2nd person vanhaš
3rd person vanhah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

Derived terms

References

  • A. V. Punzhina (1994) “vanha”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN