vera
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈvɪəɹə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈvɪɹə/
- Rhymes: -ɪəɹə
Etymology 1
From Vera Lynn.
Noun
vera (plural veras)
- (Cockney rhyming slang) A skin (rolling paper for cigarettes).
- 1992, The Shamen (band), Ebeneezer Goode (song)
- Has anybody got any veras? Lovely!
- 1992, The Shamen (band), Ebeneezer Goode (song)
Etymology 2
As vega, with the "g" substituted with a "r" to represent risk-free (interest rate).
Noun
vera (uncountable)
- (finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of vega with respect to changes in the risk-free interest rate, or equivalently the rate of change of rho with respect to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset.
Synonyms
Hypernyms
- (measure of derivative price sensitivity): Greeks (includes list of coordinate terms)
See also
Anagrams
Asturian
Etymology
Noun
vera f (plural veres)
Related terms
Ese
Noun
vera
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Adjective
vera (accusative singular veran, plural veraj, accusative plural verajn)
Related terms
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse vera (“to be”), from vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- and *h₂wes-.
Pronunciation
Verb
vera (third person singular past indicative var, third person plural past indicative vóru, supine verið)
- (transitive, intransitive, takes nominative adjectives or nouns) to be
Conjugation
| Conjugation of vera (irregular) | ||
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | vera | |
| supine | verið | |
| participle | verandi | - |
| present | past | |
| first singular | eri | var |
| second singular | ert | vart |
| third singular | er | var |
| plural | eru | vóru |
| imperative | ||
| singular | ver! | |
| plural | verið! | |
Noun
vera f (genitive singular veru, plural verur)
Declension
| Declension of vera | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| f1 | singular | plural | ||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | vera | veran | verur | verurnar |
| accusative | veru | veruna | verur | verurnar |
| dative | veru | veruni | verum | verunum |
| genitive | veru | verunnar | vera | veranna |
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse vera, earlier vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną. Cognate with Danish være, Norwegian Bokmål være, Norwegian Nynorsk vera, and Swedish vara.
Pronunciation
Verb
vera (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative var, third-person plural past indicative voru, supine verið)
- (transitive, intransitive, takes nominative adjectives or nouns) to be
- Það er gaman að vera góður.
- It is fun being good.
- Að vera eða vera ekki.
- To be or not to be.
- Ég var kennari áður en ég gerðist stærðfræðingur.
- I was a teacher before I become a mathematician.
- Hvernig veistu að þetta sé ekki gildra?
- How do you know that this is not a trap?
Usage notes
The subjunctive forms sé, sért, sé, séum, séuð and séu are used as other Icelandic verbs, e.g. when the situation is hypothetical. By contrast, the forms veri, verir, veri, verum, verið and veri are unique to the verb vera, in that they are used optatively to express desires; e.g., fari hann og veri means may he leave and never return, and the phrase peace be upon you is translated friður veri með þér.
Inflection
| Active voice (germynd) | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) | present (nútið) | er | ert | er | erum | eruð | eru |
| past (þátíð) | var | varst | var | vorum | voruð | voru | |
| subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | present (nútið) | sé, veri | sért, verir | sé, veri | séum, verum | séuð, verið | séu, veri |
| past (þátíð) | væri | værir | væri | værum | væruð | væru | |
| infinitive (nafnháttur) | vera | ||||||
| imperatives (boðhættir) | active (germynd) | reflexive (miðmynd) | |||||
| singular (+ þú) | vertu | — | |||||
| plural (+ þið) | verið | — | |||||
| shortened (stýfður) | ver | ||||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) | verandi | ||||||
| supine (sagnbót) | active (germynd) | reflexive (miðmynd) | |||||
| verið | — | ||||||
Derived terms
- ber er hver að baki
- ber er hver að baki, nema sér bróður eigi
- betri er krókur en kelda
- eins og komið er
- eins og kunnugt er
- eins og um var talað
- eins og vant er
- ekki er allt gull sem glóir
- hvað er þetta á ensku?
- koma til dyranna eins og maður er klæddur
- maður er manns gaman
- mér er flökurt
- sinn er siður í landi hverju
- sjaldan er ein báran stök
- sjón er sögu ríkari
- vera að
- vera af
- vera á
- vera á bandi
- vera án
- vera eftir
- vera eins og álfur út úr hól
- vera ekki við eina fjölina felldur
- vera frá
- vera fyrir
- vera hjá
- vera inn í
- vera inni
- vera með
- vera með kvef
- vera seinn
- vera seinn fyrir
- vera til
- vera um
- vera úr
- vera úti
- vera við
- það er betra að hafa vaðið fyrir neðan sig
- það er ýmist of eða van
- þetta er hebreska fyrir mér
Noun
vera f (genitive singular veru, nominative plural verur)
Declension
Derived terms
Anagrams
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Esperanto vera, Italian vero, French vrai and Spanish vero.
Pronunciation
Adjective
vera
Derived terms
Italian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Late Latin viria (“bracelet”), from Gaulish *viros (“round, crooked”), from Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“turned, twisted, threaded”), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”).
Noun
vera f (plural vere)
- (northern Italian) wedding ring, wedding band
- Synonym: fede
- (architecture) puteal, wellhead
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
vera f sg
Anagrams
Latin
Etymology 1
From vērus (“true”).
Pronunciation
- vēra: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯eː.ra/,
- vēra: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈve.ra/,
- vērā: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯eː.raː/,
- vērā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈve.ra/,
Adjective
vēra
- inflection of vērus:
Descendants
- French: voire
Adjective
vērā
Etymology 2
From vēr (“Spring”).
Pronunciation
Noun
vēra n
References
- “vera”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- vera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Norse vera, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną. The present tense is suppletive and is from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).
Pronunciation
Verb
vera (present tense er, past tense var, past participle vore, passive infinitive verast, present participle verande, imperative ver)
- to be
- Ikkje alle kunne vera til stades.
- Not everyone could be present.
Usage notes
- This is a split infinitive verb.
Conjugation
Derived terms
Further reading
- “vera” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
Old Norse
Etymology
From vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną.
Verb
vera
- to be
Conjugation
In certain contexts in poetry the initial vowel of certain forms of this verb could be dropped. Thus the form ro (normalized spelling ru), from ero (normalized eru), is found in Vǫlospá stanza 45 (scildir ro klofnir - shields are cloven).
The forms with /s/ instead of /r/ are older forms, found in the oldest manuscripts, Runic inscriptions and poems. Note that although er comes from earlier es, eru does not come from earlier *esu.
| infinitive | vera, vesa | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | verandi, vesandi | |
| past participle | verinn, vesinn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | em | var, vas |
| 2nd-person singular | ert, est | vart, vast |
| 3rd-person singular | er, es | var, vas |
| 1st-person plural | erum | várum, vǫ́rum |
| 2nd-person plural | eruð | váruð, vǫ́ruð |
| 3rd-person plural | eru | váru, vǫ́ru |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | sjá, sé | væra |
| 2nd-person singular | sér, séir | værir |
| 3rd-person singular | sé, séi | væri |
| 1st-person plural | sém | værim |
| 2nd-person plural | séð, sét | værið |
| 3rd-person plural | sé | væri |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | ver, ves | |
| 1st-person plural | ― | |
| 2nd-person plural | verið, vesið | |
Descendants
- Icelandic: vera
- Faroese: vera
- Norwegian Nynorsk: vera; (dialectal) vè, vårå, vørå, vørrø, vara, va
- Jamtish: vara, ve
- Elfdalian: wårå
- Old Swedish: vara, væra, væræ
- Swedish: vara
- Old Danish: wæræ, waræ
- Old Gutnish: wara
References
- “vera”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- vera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Pali
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit वैर (vaira)
Noun
vera n
- hatred
- c. 50 BC, The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:
- 3. අක්කොච්ඡි මං අවධි මං අජිනි මං අහාසි මෙ
යෙ තං උපනය්හන්ති වෙරං තෙසං න සම්මති- 3. akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ ajini maṃ ahāsi me
ye taṃ upanayhanti veraṃ tesaṃ na sammati - He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me.
Hatred does not subside for those who nurse grudges thus.
- 3. akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ ajini maṃ ahāsi me
- c. 50 BC, The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:
- 5. න හි වෙරෙන වෙරාචී සම්මන්තීධ කුදාචනං 5
අඞවරෙන ච සම්මන්ති එස ධම්මො සනන්තනො.- 5. Na hi verena verāni sammantīdha kudācanaṃ 5
Averena ca sammanti esa dhammo sanantano. - 5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred,
but are settled by love. This is an eternal truth. - (literally, “5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred,
but are settled by love. This truth is eternal.”)
- 5. Na hi verena verāni sammantīdha kudācanaṃ 5
Declension
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | veraṃ | verāni |
| Accusative (second) | veraṃ | verāni |
| Instrumental (third) | verena | verehi or verebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | verassa or verāya or veratthaṃ | verānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | verasmā or veramhā or verā | verehi or verebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | verassa | verānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | verasmiṃ or veramhi or vere | veresu |
| Vocative (calling) | vera | verāni |
Derived terms
Descendants
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɛɾɐ
Adjective
vera
Scots
Pronunciation
Adjective
vera (not comparable)
- Alternative form of verra
Adverb
vera (not comparable)
- Alternative form of verra
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *věra, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Noun
vȅra f (Cyrillic spelling ве̏ра)
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
vȇra f (Cyrillic spelling ве̑ра)
Declension
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *věra.
Pronunciation
Noun
vẹ́ra f
Inflection
 |
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks. |
| Feminine, a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | véra | ||
| gen. sing. | vére | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
véra | véri | vére |
| genitive (rodȋlnik) |
vére | vér | vér |
| dative (dajȃlnik) |
véri | vérama | véram |
| accusative (tožȋlnik) |
véro | véri | vére |
| locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
véri | vérah | vérah |
| instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
véro | vérama | vérami |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “vera”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
vera f (plural veras)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English verawood.
Noun
vera f (plural veras)
Etymology 3
Inflected form of vero
Adjective
vera
Further reading
- “vera”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014