viegls

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Latvian

Etymology

This word apparently resulted from the merging of two independent etymologies: (a) the same stem as liegs (gentle, tender), whose older form *liegvs apparently underwent metathesis to yield viegls, and (b) Proto-Indo-European *wey- (to turn, to bend) with an extra g, yielding *weyg-, from which Proto-Baltic *weig-, *wieg-, *wīg-, *wig-, from which, with a suffix -lo, Latvian viegls (cf. Lithuanian dialectal vìglas (fast, lively, brisk)); from the same stem also Old High German wihhōn (to jump, to dance), Swedish vicka (to move here and there, to swing). The meaning would have changed from “turning (easily, quickly)” to “fast, quick, light” and finally “light.”[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

viegls (definite vieglais, comparative vieglāks, superlative visvieglākais, adverb viegli)

  1. light, lightweight (which is not heavy, has low weight, low mass)
    viegls grozs, spainislight basket, bucket
    viegla nasta, krava, bagāžalight burden, load, luggage
    viegla bumbalight ball
    vieglas slēpeslight(weight) skis
    viegli dēļilight boards, logs
    viegla augsne, zemelight (= loose, sandy) soil, earth
    smāgākie priekšmeti arvien gulstas dibenā, bet vieglākie paliek virspusēthe heavier objects always lie at the bottom, while the lighter ones remain on the surface
  2. light, small (smaller, less important, less powerful than others of its kind)
    vieglie ieročilight, small weapons
    vieglie ložmetējilight, small machine guns
    vieglie ķīmiskie elementilight chemical elements
    vieglie metālilight metals
    viegli, vieglie jonilight ions
    vieglā rūpniecībalight industry
    vieglā artilērija, kavalērijalight artillery, cavalry
    kopā ar vieglajiem kara kuģiem līdzi brauca smagie tirdzniecības kuģitogether with the light warships came the heavy commercial ships
  3. light (giving the impression of low weight, lightness, with a relatively simple, fine structure; showing agility, grace)
    vieglas konstrukcijas tiltslight (lit. light-structure) bridge
    viegla gaitalight (= fine, graceful) walk, pace
    vieglas kājaslight (= graceful) legs
    viegli, sārti mākonīši krītot saules meitu saķēralight, pinkish little clouds caught sun's daughter (who was) falling
    viņa viegla un jautra tecēja ap mumsshe ran, light and cheerful, around us
    parādes balkons vieglā, vijīgā stilā, kas pilnīgs pretstats smagām svētnīcu būvēmthe front balcony (is) in a light, supple style, the complete opposite of the heavy temple buildings
    mani locekļi bija vingri un viegli, un miesa it kā bez smagumamy limbs were agile and light, and (my) flesh (= body) as if without weight
  4. (of gases, fog, smoke, smell) light, thin (such that it is not saturated, thick, dense, concentrated; (of air) easy to breathe)
    viegla dūmakalight haze, mist
    viegli dūmilight smoke
    viegli tvaikilight vapors
    saule jau sildīja krietni, rasas tvaiki plīvoja vieglā migliņāthe sun was already warming considerably, the dew vapors were flickering in the light mist
    lejā mirdzēja zaļš ezers, un gaiss bija brīnum maigs un vieglsbelow the green lake was shining, and the air was wonderfully soft and light
  5. (of colors) light, with low saturation
    vieglus, zaļganus apģērba toņus viņš izraudzījās tādēļ, ka šī krāsa piestāvot maniem brūnajiem matiemhe (= my husband) chose light, greenish tones in his clothes because this color matches my brown hair
    tīrās, vieglās, mierīgās krāsas bija gleznotāja emociju izpausmes līdzeklisthe clean, light, calm colors were the painter's means of expressing emotion
  6. (of cloth, fabric) light, thin; not very warm
    viegls zīdslight silk
    viegla vasaras kleitalight summer dress
    viegls puloverslight pulover
    es tev nopirktu siltu ziemas mēteli ar dārgu apkakli; un pavasarī citu, vieglu un gaišuI would buy you a warm winter coat with an expensive collar; and in spring another one, a light and bright
  7. (of smells, tastes) light (not intense, not irritating)
    viegls kafijas aromātslight aroma of coffee
    viegla pelējuma piegaršalight taste of mold
    viegls skābumslight acidity
  8. (of substances, solutions) light, dilute, weak (not concentrated, not thick)
    viegls buljonslight broth
    viegla marinādelight marinade
    viegls sālsūdenslight salt water
    vieglas cigareteslight cigarettes
  9. (of food) light (easy to digest; not very nourishing)
    viegls ēdiens, dzērienslight food, drink
    viegls uzturslight food, nourishment
    viegla barībalight (animal) food
    ieturēt vieglas brokastīsto have a light breakfast
    vai jūs neēdat drusku par daudz? šī ir smaga, nepierasta maize, un arī skābie kāposti nav nekāds vieglais ēdiensaren't you eating a little too much? this is heavy, not (your) usual bread, and also the sauerkraut is in no way light food
  10. (of activities) light (not demanding, which can be carried out without much effort)
    viegls pārbrauciens ar slēpēma light passage on skis
    iešana bija viegla, kā par asfaltuthe going was light, as if on asphalt
    pa straumi ir viegla airēšanaon the stream there is light rowing (= it is easy to row on the stream)
    atpakaļceļš direktoram bija viegls, jo vējš pūta no mugurasthe way back was light for the director, since the wind was blowing from the back
  11. easy (not difficult to solve, to decide, to learn, not requiring much mental effort to understand or appreciate)
    viegls eksāmenseasy exam
    viegla mācību vielaeasy learning material
    viegla mīklaeasy riddle
    viegla izvēleeasy choice
    viegls, nesarežģīts stilseasy, uncomplicated style
    aktrisei viegla, raita valoda, graciozas kustības... dzirkstošs prieksthe actress (has) light, fluent language, gracious movements... (she is) a sparkling delight
    uzdotie jautājumi ir pārāk vieglithe questions asked are too easy
    K. Krūzas dzeja izteiksmē skaidra, viegla, rūpīgi slīpēta, arī melodiskaK. Krūza's poetry in its expression is clear, easy, carefully brushed, also melodic
  12. (of situations) light, mild, slight (not full of consequences, not causing too many unwanted feelings)
    vieglas nepatikšanasmild unpleasantness, trouble
    viegls konfliktsmild conflict
    viegla nesaprašanāsslight misunderstanding
  13. easy, volatile (which happens quickly, without much resistance)
    viegla gāzes gaistamībaeasy gas volatility
    viegla uzbudināmībaeasy excitability
  14. (of conditions, situations) light, easy (in which there are no difficulties, hardships, complications)
    viegli dzīves apstākļilight, easy living conditions
    viegla dzīveeasy life
    vieglas vecumdienaseasy old age (lit. old days)
    vieglās peļņas tīkotājsone who covets easy gain
    vieglas laimes meklētājiseekers of easy fortune
    tev gan ir viegla maize!you have an easy life! (lit. easy bread)
    tā bija gaiša draudzība, silts saules stariņš, kas padarīja vieglākas dzejnieka dienas trimdas tālumāit was a bright friendship, a little ray of sun(shine) which made the poet's days easier/lighter in the distance of exile
  15. (of mental states, their expressions) light (pleasant, associated with positive emotions; free, unconstrained)
    viegls noskaņojumslight mood
    vieglas atmiņaslight memories
    man kļuva kaut kā viegli un labiI felt somehow light and well
    viņi runājās vieglā tonī, un abiem bija patīkamithey were talking in a light tone, and both felt well
    Mārtiņš ir jautrs un runīgs; un no tā arī pārējiem vieglāks prātsMārtiņš is cheerful and talking; and from him the others also get a lighter mind (= mood)
    uz skatuves valda viegla, gaiša atraisītības atmosfēraa light, relaxed atmosphere reigned on the stage
  16. (of weather) light, nice, pleasant
    Oskaru apņēma silta, gaiša, viegla vasaras dienaa warm, bright, light summer day surrounded Oskars
    pavasara nakts allaž vieglāka un, lai arī mazdrusciņ, tomēr caurredzamaa spring night is always lighter and, even if only a little bit, more transparent (= easier to see through)
  17. (of events, processes) light (which expresses itself to a small extent; not intensive, not energetic)
    viegls grūdienslight push, shove
    viegls satvērienslight, easy grip
    viegls roka spiedienslight hand pressure
    viegla pļaukalight slap in the face
    viegls glāstslight caress
    viegls vējšlight wind
    viegla sarmalight frost, snow
    viegla krēslalight twilight
    viegls kliedzienslight cry
    viegla sanēšanalight, easy murmur
    vieglas bērzu šalkaslight birch rustling
    viegla masāžalight massage
    kad Vītols pamodās, logā jau blāvoja viegla gaisma... ausa pelēks, miglains rītswhen Vītols woke up, a faint light was already dawning in the window... a gray, foggy morning was dawning
    vecmāmiņa ar vieglu āmura sitienu atšķir katram bērnam pa cukura gabaliņamwith a light hammer hit, grandma cut off a little piece of sugar for every child
    satumsa, un pa dēļu spraugām iezagās vasaras nakts vieglais dzestrumsit became dark, and through cracks on the boards a light night chill crept in
    reizēm augus var noskalot ar vieglu dušusometimes you can wash (out) the plants with a light carnival
  18. light, slight, mild (barely perceptible; not very significant; not fully expressed)
    viegls ieskicējumslight outline
    viegls ietonējumslight shading
    vieglas laika maiņasslight weather changes
    viegla novirze no normasslight deviation from the norm
    viegla atkāpe no tradīcijasslight departure from tradition
    viegls mirdzumsslight, mild shining
    viegls iedegumslight tan
    teikuma otrajā daļā intonācija pēkšņi mainījās, bija nojaušama viegla ironijathe intonation in the second part of the sentence changed, light, mild irony was perceptible
  19. (of mental states, their expression) mild (not intense)
    viegls uztraukumsmild excitement
    vieglas bailes, skumjas, ilgasmild pain, sadness, longing
    ar vieglu žēlumuwith a little pity
    ap viņa lūpām savilkās viegls, pieklājīgs smaids, bet acis palika vēsason his lips a light, polite smile appeared, but (his) eyes remained cold
  20. (of punishment) light (not hard, not severe)
    viegls nosodījumslight penalty
    viegls rājienslight scolding
  21. (of medical conditions, physical and mental processes) mild, minor (not involving strong physical pain, life danger; without complications; without psychological disorders)
    viegls smadzeņu satricinājumsmild concussion
    viegls ievainojumsminor injuries
    viegla infekcijaminor infection
    viegla saaukstēšanāsmild cold
    viegla sklerozemild sclerosis
    viegla depresijamild depression
    divas dienas nogulējis ar vieglu drudzi, Ratis atkal ķērās pie darbahaving lain in bed for two days with a mild fever, Ratis started working again
  22. (of sleep) light (not deep)
    laisties vieglā snaudāto go into a light slumber
    viņš gulēja vieglā miegāhe slept a light sleep
    izšķir dažādus miega stāvokļus: snaudu, vieglu miegu, vidēji dziļu un dziļu mieguone distinguishes several sleep states: slumber, light sleep, moderately deep and deep sleep
  23. (of art, music) light (having an entertaining character)
    viegla mūzikalight music
    plecīgākais, gaišmatains jaunietis, brīžam savelk lūpas kā uz svilpošanu... nevar zināt, vai tas ir simfonijas motīvs vai viegla deju melodijathe more broad-shouldered one, a blond young man, sometimes puckered his lips as if to whistle... (but) one couldn't know whether it was a symphony motif or a light dancing tune
  24. (of people, their behavior) light, light-minded, frivolous, careless
    viegla attieksme pret dzīvia light-minded attitude towards life
    viegla daba par rītdienu negādāa frivolous nature does not provide for the future
    un nelaime vien iznāca: radās bērns, un tēvs aizlaidās uz pilsētu... Anna negribēja tā gluži palaisties, lai gan kā sava vīra viņa vairs nevēlējās šā vieglā cilvēciņa, kam nekas nebija svētsand misfortune came: a child was born, and the father flew to the city... Anna did not want to just let things slide, but she no longer wanted as her husband that frivolous little person to whom nothing was sacred

Declension

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References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “viegls”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN