vinkua

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Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vinkudak, ultimately onomatopoeic. Cognate with Estonian vinguma, Livonian vingõ and Veps vinkta.

Pronunciation

Verb

vinkua (intransitive)

  1. to squeal, squeak
  2. to whine (to complain or protest in a childish manner or about trivial things)
    Kelly vinkui, että pomo pakotti hänet pitämään kravattia.
    Kelly was whining that the boss made him put on his tie.
  3. (of credit card) to flex
    see also vinguttaa (“to flex”) (transitive)
    Nyt ei olla järkeviä - pannaan luottokortti vinkumaan!
    Let's not be prudent now, let's flex the old credit card! (lit. "let's make the credit card squeak"

Conjugation

Inflection of vinkua (Kotus type 52*G/sanoa, nk-ng gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. vingun en vingu 1st sing. olen vinkunut en ole vinkunut
2nd sing. vingut et vingu 2nd sing. olet vinkunut et ole vinkunut
3rd sing. vinkuu ei vingu 3rd sing. on vinkunut ei ole vinkunut
1st plur. vingumme emme vingu 1st plur. olemme vinkuneet emme ole vinkuneet
2nd plur. vingutte ette vingu 2nd plur. olette vinkuneet ette ole vinkuneet
3rd plur. vinkuvat eivät vingu 3rd plur. ovat vinkuneet eivät ole vinkuneet
passive vingutaan ei vinguta passive on vinguttu ei ole vinguttu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. vinguin en vinkunut 1st sing. olin vinkunut en ollut vinkunut
2nd sing. vinguit et vinkunut 2nd sing. olit vinkunut et ollut vinkunut
3rd sing. vinkui ei vinkunut 3rd sing. oli vinkunut ei ollut vinkunut
1st plur. vinguimme emme vinkuneet 1st plur. olimme vinkuneet emme olleet vinkuneet
2nd plur. vinguitte ette vinkuneet 2nd plur. olitte vinkuneet ette olleet vinkuneet
3rd plur. vinkuivat eivät vinkuneet 3rd plur. olivat vinkuneet eivät olleet vinkuneet
passive vinguttiin ei vinguttu passive oli vinguttu ei ollut vinguttu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. vinkuisin en vinkuisi 1st sing. olisin vinkunut en olisi vinkunut
2nd sing. vinkuisit et vinkuisi 2nd sing. olisit vinkunut et olisi vinkunut
3rd sing. vinkuisi ei vinkuisi 3rd sing. olisi vinkunut ei olisi vinkunut
1st plur. vinkuisimme emme vinkuisi 1st plur. olisimme vinkuneet emme olisi vinkuneet
2nd plur. vinkuisitte ette vinkuisi 2nd plur. olisitte vinkuneet ette olisi vinkuneet
3rd plur. vinkuisivat eivät vinkuisi 3rd plur. olisivat vinkuneet eivät olisi vinkuneet
passive vinguttaisiin ei vinguttaisi passive olisi vinguttu ei olisi vinguttu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. vingu älä vingu 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. vinkukoon älköön vinkuko 3rd sing. olkoon vinkunut älköön olko vinkunut
1st plur. vinkukaamme älkäämme vinkuko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. vinkukaa älkää vinkuko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. vinkukoot älkööt vinkuko 3rd plur. olkoot vinkuneet älkööt olko vinkuneet
passive vinguttakoon älköön vinguttako passive olkoon vinguttu älköön olko vinguttu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. vinkunen en vinkune 1st sing. lienen vinkunut en liene vinkunut
2nd sing. vinkunet et vinkune 2nd sing. lienet vinkunut et liene vinkunut
3rd sing. vinkunee ei vinkune 3rd sing. lienee vinkunut ei liene vinkunut
1st plur. vinkunemme emme vinkune 1st plur. lienemme vinkuneet emme liene vinkuneet
2nd plur. vinkunette ette vinkune 2nd plur. lienette vinkuneet ette liene vinkuneet
3rd plur. vinkunevat eivät vinkune 3rd plur. lienevät vinkuneet eivät liene vinkuneet
passive vinguttaneen ei vinguttane passive lienee vinguttu ei liene vinguttu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st vinkua present vinkuva vinguttava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st vinkuakseni vinkuaksemme
2nd vinkuaksesi vinkuaksenne
3rd vinkuakseen
vinkuaksensa
past vinkunut vinguttu
2nd inessive2 vinkuessa vinguttaessa agent4 vinkuma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st vinkuessani vinkuessamme
2nd vinkuessasi vinkuessanne
3rd vinkuessaan
vinkuessansa
negative vinkumaton
instructive vinkuen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive vinkumassa —
elative vinkumasta —
illative vinkumaan —
adessive vinkumalla —
abessive vinkumatta —
instructive vinkuman vinguttaman
4th3 verbal noun vinkuminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st vinkumaisillani vinkumaisillamme
2nd vinkumaisillasi vinkumaisillanne
3rd vinkumaisillaan
vinkumaisillansa

Synonyms

Derived terms

compounds

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vinkudak, of onomatopoeic origin. Cognates include Finnish vinkua and Estonian vinguda.

Pronunciation

Verb

vinkua

  1. (intransitive) to squeal
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 60:
      Taas jo metsääs saha vinkuu.
      The saw is already squealing again.

Conjugation

Conjugation of vinkua (type 1/ampua, nk-ng gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular vingun en vingu 1st singular oon vinkunt, oon vinkunut en oo vinkunt, en oo vinkunut
2nd singular vingut et vingu 2nd singular oot vinkunt, oot vinkunut et oo vinkunt, et oo vinkunut
3rd singular vinkuu ei vingu 3rd singular ono vinkunt, ono vinkunut ei oo vinkunt, ei oo vinkunut
1st plural vingumma emmä vingu 1st plural oomma vinkuneet emmä oo vinkuneet
2nd plural vingutta että vingu 2nd plural ootta vinkuneet että oo vinkuneet
3rd plural vinkuut1), vinkuvat2), vingutaa evät vingu, ei vinguta 3rd plural ovat vinkuneet evät oo vinkuneet, ei oo vinguttu
impersonal vingutaa ei vinguta impersonal ono vinguttu ei oo vinguttu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular vinguin en vinkunt, en vinkunut 1st singular olin vinkunt, olin vinkunut en olt vinkunt, en olt vinkunut
2nd singular vinguit et vinkunt, et vinkunut 2nd singular olit vinkunt, olit vinkunut et olt vinkunt, et olt vinkunut
3rd singular vinkui ei vinkunt, ei vinkunut 3rd singular oli vinkunt, oli vinkunut ei olt vinkunt, ei olt vinkunut
1st plural vinguimma emmä vinkuneet 1st plural olimma vinkuneet emmä olleet vinkuneet
2nd plural vinguitta että vinkuneet 2nd plural olitta vinkuneet että olleet vinkuneet
3rd plural vinkuit1), vinkuivat2), vinguttii evät vinkuneet, ei vinguttu 3rd plural olivat vinkuneet evät olleet vinkuneet, ei olt vinguttu
impersonal vinguttii ei vinguttu impersonal oli vinguttu ei olt vinguttu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular vinkuisin en vinkuis 1st singular olisin vinkunt, olisin vinkunut en olis vinkunt, en olis vinkunut
2nd singular vinkuisit, vinkuist1) et vinkuis 2nd singular olisit vinkunt, olisit vinkunut et olis vinkunt, et olis vinkunut
3rd singular vinkuis ei vinkuis 3rd singular olis vinkunt, olis vinkunut ei olis vinkunt, ei olis vinkunut
1st plural vinkuisimma emmä vinkuis 1st plural olisimma vinkuneet emmä olis vinkuneet
2nd plural vinkuisitta että vinkuis 2nd plural olisitta vinkuneet että olis vinkuneet
3rd plural vinkuisiit1), vinkuisivat2), vinguttais evät vinkuis, ei vinguttais 3rd plural olisivat vinkuneet evät olis vinkuneet, ei olis vinguttu
impersonal vinguttais ei vinguttais impersonal olis vinguttu ei olis vinguttu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular vingu elä vingu 2nd singular oo vinkunt, oo vinkunut elä oo vinkunt, elä oo vinkunut
3rd singular vinkukoo elköö vinkuko 3rd singular olkoo vinkunt, olkoo vinkunut elköö olko vinkunt, elköö olko vinkunut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural vinkukaa elkää vinkuko 2nd plural olkaa vinkuneet elkää olko vinkuneet
3rd plural vinkukoot elkööt vinkuko, elköö vinguttako 3rd plural olkoot vinkuneet elkööt olko vinkuneet, elköö olko vinguttu
impersonal vinguttakkoo elköö vinguttako impersonal olkoo vinguttu elköö olko vinguttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular vinkunen en vinkune
2nd singular vinkunet et vinkune
3rd singular vinkunoo ei vinkune
1st plural vinkunemma emmä vinkune
2nd plural vinkunetta että vinkune
3rd plural vinkunoot evät vinkune, ei vinguttane
impersonal vinguttannoo ei vinguttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st vinkua present vinkuva vinguttava
2nd inessive vinkujees past vinkunt, vinkunut vinguttu
instructive vinkuen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (vinkukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative vinkumaa
inessive vinkumaas
elative vinkumast
abessive vinkumata
4th nominative vinkumiin
partitive vinkumista, vinkumist

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 668

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vinkudak.

Pronunciation

Verb

vinkua

  1. (intransitive) to squeal, wail, whine
  2. (intransitive) to howl

Inflection

Conjugation of vinkua (type II-1/kuttsua, nk-ng gradation)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular vingun en vingu 1st singular õõn vinkunnu en õõ vinkunnu
2nd singular vingud ed vingu 2nd singular õõd vinkunnu ed õõ vinkunnu
3rd singular vingub eb vingu 3rd singular on vinkunnu eb õõ vinkunnu
1st plural vingummõ emmä vingu 1st plural õõmmõ vinkunnu emmä õõ vinkunnu
2nd plural vinguttõ että vingu 2nd plural õõttõ vinkunnu että õõ vinkunnu
3rd plural vinguta eväd vingu 3rd plural õlla vinguttu eväd õõ vinguttu
impersonal vinguta eväd vingu impersonal õlla vinguttu eväd õõ vinguttu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular vinkuzin en vinkunnu 1st singular õlin vinkunnu —
2nd singular vinkuzid ed vinkunnu 2nd singular õlid vinkunnu —
3rd singular vinku eb vinkunnu 3rd singular õli vinkunnu —
1st plural vinkuzimmõ emmä vinkunnu 1st plural õlimmõ vinkunnu —
2nd plural vinkuzittõ että vinkunnu 2nd plural õlittõ vinkunnu —
3rd plural vingutti eväd vinguttu 3rd plural õlti vinguttu —
impersonal vingutti eväd vinguttu impersonal õlti vinguttu —
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular vinkuizin en vinkuizʹ 1st singular õllõizin vinkunnu en õllõizʹ vinkunnu
2nd singular vinkuizid ed vinkuizʹ 2nd singular õllõizid vinkunnu ed õllõizʹ vinkunnu
3rd singular vinkuizʹ eb vinkuizʹ 3rd singular õllõizʹ vinkunnu eb õllõizʹ vinkunnu
1st plural vinkuizimmõ emmä vinkuizʹ 1st plural õllõizimmõ vinkunnu emmä õllõizʹ vinkunnu
2nd plural vinkuizittõ että vinkuizʹ 2nd plural õllõizittõ vinkunnu että õllõizʹ vinkunnu
3rd plural vinguttaizʹ eväd vinguttaizʹ 3rd plural õltaizʹ vinguttu eväd õltaizʹ vinguttu
impersonal vinguttaizʹ eväd vinguttaizʹ impersonal õltaizʹ vinguttu eväd õltaizʹ vinguttu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular vingu elä vingu
3rd singular vinkugo1) elko vinkugo1)
1st plural — —
2nd plural vinkuga elka vinkuga
3rd plural vinkugod1) —
impersonal — —
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
1st vinkua present vinkujõ2) —
2nd illative vinkuma past vinkunnu vinguttu
inessive vinkumõz 1) using la is more common
2) also used as the agent noun
elative vinkumõssõ
abessive vinkumõttõ

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “vinkua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Wikious
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