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Catalan
Verb
violo
- first-person singular present indicative of violar
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian viola, English violet, French violette and Polish fiołek.
Pronunciation
Noun
violo (accusative singular violon, plural violoj, accusative plural violojn)
- violet (flower)
- (rare) violet (color)
- Synonym: violkoloro
1921, Johannes Dietterle, editor, La Vendreda Klubo: 11 Diversaj Originalaj Artikoloj Verkitaj de la “Vendredoklubanoj” en Leipzig [The Friday Club: 11 Diverse Original Articles Written by the “Friday Club Members” in Leipzig], Leipzig: Ferdinand Hirt & Sohn, page 77:Kiel la cirklo de l’ puraj koloroj estas ordigota? Ĉu ekzemple la interspaco inter sulfuro kaj oranĝo estas pli aŭ malpli granda ol la interspaco inter violo kaj cejano?- How is the circle of pure colors to be ordered? For example, is the gap between sulfur and orange larger or smaller than the gap between violet and cyan?
1948, Montagu C[hristie] Butler, Step by Step in Esperanto: A Simple Textbook for English-Speaking Students, with Graduated Reading-Matter and Numerous Exercises for Class Teaching or for Home Study, The Esperanto Publishing Company Ltd., page 54:La ses koloroj de la ĉielarko (rainbow) estas: violo, bluo, verdo, flavo, oranĝo, kaj ruĝo.- The six colors of the rainbow are: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.
1958, Paul Neergaard, editor, Sciencaj Studoj: Bazitaj sur Originalaj Esploroj kaj Observoj: Eldonita Okaze de la 50-Jara Jubileo de Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista [Scientific Studies: Based on Original Research and Observations: Published on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the International Scientific Esperanto Association], Kopenhago [Copenhagen]: Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista [International Scientific Esperanto Association], →OCLC, page 168:Tre maldense okupitaj estas la regionoj de violo kaj purpuro. Ŝajne ekzistas grandaj diferencoj en la kolorbezonoj.- The regions of violet and purple are very sparsely occupied. Seemingly there exist big differences in the color needs.
Italian
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
violo m (plural violi) (regional, Tuscan)
- violet (plant)
- Synonym: (normal register) viola
- carnation
- Synonym: (normal register) garofano
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
violo m (plural violi) (regional, Venice)
- path
- Synonym: (normal register) viottolo
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvi.o.lo/
- Rhymes: -iolo
- Hyphenation: vì‧o‧lo
Verb
violo
- first-person singular present indicative of violare
References
- ^ violo in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
- ^ violo in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
- ^ violo in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
Anagrams
Latin
Etymology
Traditionally derived from vīs (“strength”), as if from some diminutive *viola. De Vaan prefers to derive the word instead from a deverbal adjective, which he reconstructs as Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-elos. Either way, from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, strive after”).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
violō (present infinitive violāre, perfect active violāvī, supine violātum); first conjugation
- to treat with violence; to maltreat
- to violate, defile, profane, rape
- Synonyms: rumpō, irrumpō, frangō, īnfringō
8 CE,
Ovid,
Fasti 6.167:
- post illud nec avēs cūnās violāsse feruntur
- Nor after that were they suffering the birds to have violated cradles
(A goddess intervenes after a baby is attacked by striges and her divine prayers impart lasting protection.)
Conjugation
Conjugation of violō (first conjugation)
|
indicative
|
singular
|
plural
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
active
|
present
|
violō
|
violās
|
violat
|
violāmus
|
violātis
|
violant
|
imperfect
|
violābam
|
violābās
|
violābat
|
violābāmus
|
violābātis
|
violābant
|
future
|
violābō
|
violābis
|
violābit
|
violābimus
|
violābitis
|
violābunt
|
perfect
|
violāvī
|
violāvistī, violāstī3
|
violāvit, violāt3
|
violāvimus, violāmus3
|
violāvistis, violāstis3
|
violāvērunt, violāvēre, violārunt3
|
pluperfect
|
violāveram, violāram3
|
violāverās, violārās3
|
violāverat, violārat3
|
violāverāmus, violārāmus3
|
violāverātis, violārātis3
|
violāverant, violārant3
|
future perfect
|
violāverō, violārō3
|
violāveris, violāris3
|
violāverit, violārit3
|
violāverimus, violārimus3
|
violāveritis, violāritis3
|
violāverint, violārint3
|
sigmatic future1
|
violāssō
|
violāssis
|
violāssit, violāsit
|
violāssimus
|
violāssitis
|
violāssint
|
passive
|
present
|
violor
|
violāris, violāre
|
violātur
|
violāmur
|
violāminī
|
violantur
|
imperfect
|
violābar
|
violābāris, violābāre
|
violābātur
|
violābāmur
|
violābāminī
|
violābantur
|
future
|
violābor
|
violāberis, violābere
|
violābitur
|
violābimur
|
violābiminī
|
violābuntur
|
perfect
|
violātus + present active indicative of sum
|
pluperfect
|
violātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
|
future perfect
|
violātus + future active indicative of sum
|
subjunctive
|
singular
|
plural
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
active
|
present
|
violem
|
violēs
|
violet
|
violēmus
|
violētis
|
violent
|
imperfect
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violārem
|
violārēs
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violāret
|
violārēmus
|
violārētis
|
violārent
|
perfect
|
violāverim, violārim3
|
violāverīs, violārīs3
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violāverit, violārit3
|
violāverīmus, violārīmus3
|
violāverītis, violārītis3
|
violāverint, violārint3
|
pluperfect
|
violāvissem, violāssem3
|
violāvissēs, violāssēs3
|
violāvisset, violāsset3
|
violāvissēmus, violāssēmus3
|
violāvissētis, violāssētis3
|
violāvissent, violāssent3
|
sigmatic aorist1
|
violāssim
|
violāssīs
|
violāssīt
|
violāssīmus
|
violāssītis
|
violāssint
|
passive
|
present
|
violer
|
violēris, violēre
|
violētur
|
violēmur
|
violēminī
|
violentur
|
imperfect
|
violārer
|
violārēris, violārēre
|
violārētur
|
violārēmur
|
violārēminī
|
violārentur
|
perfect
|
violātus + present active subjunctive of sum
|
pluperfect
|
violātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
|
imperative
|
singular
|
plural
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
active
|
present
|
—
|
violā
|
—
|
—
|
violāte
|
—
|
future
|
—
|
violātō
|
violātō
|
—
|
violātōte
|
violantō
|
passive
|
present
|
—
|
violāre
|
—
|
—
|
violāminī
|
—
|
future
|
—
|
violātor
|
violātor
|
—
|
—
|
violantor
|
non-finite forms
|
active
|
passive
|
present
|
perfect
|
future
|
present
|
perfect
|
future
|
infinitives
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violāre
|
violāvisse, violāsse3
|
violātūrum esse
|
violārī
|
violātum esse
|
violātum īrī
|
participles
|
violāns
|
—
|
violātūrus
|
—
|
violātus
|
violandus
|
verbal nouns
|
gerund
|
supine
|
genitive
|
dative
|
accusative
|
ablative
|
accusative
|
ablative
|
violandī
|
violandō
|
violandum
|
violandō
|
violātum
|
violātū
|
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
2Archaic.
3At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “violo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “violo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- violo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to break one's word: fidem laedere, violare, frangere
- to break one's oath: iusiurandum violare
- to profane sacred rites: sacra polluere et violare
- to break a truce: indutias violare
- to violate the law of nations: ius gentium violare
- to violate a treaty, terms of alliance: foedus frangere, rumpere, violare
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 680
Portuguese
Verb
violo
- first-person singular present indicative of violar
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbjolo/
- Rhymes: -olo
- Syllabification: vio‧lo
Verb
violo
- first-person singular present indicative of violar