vis

See also: Vis, vís, viš, víš, -vis, Vis., and вис

English

vis on Wikipedia

Etymology 1

From Latin vis.

Noun

vis (plural vires)

Force; energy; might; power.

Derived terms

Related terms

vim
virial

Etymology 2

Noun

vis

Abbreviation of viscount.

Etymology 3

From Tamil வீசை (vīcai) and/or Telugu వీసె (vīse).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /vɪs/
Rhymes: -ɪs

Noun

vis (plural visses)

Alternative spelling of viss

Etymology 4

Alternative forms

viz

Adjective

vis (not comparable)

Clipping of visual.

Verb

vis (third-person singular simple present vises, present participle vissing, simple past and past participle vissed)

Clipping of visualize.

Noun

vis (plural vises)

Clipping of visualization.
Clipping of visual.
Clipping of visibility.

Derived terms

Anagrams

ISV, IVs, SIV

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch vis, from Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fəs/
Audio (file)

Noun

vis (plural visse, diminutive vissie)

fish (aquatic organism)
(collective) fish (multiple fish collectively)

Related terms

visser

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *uitśi-(ā), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”). Cognate to Sanskrit विश् (víś, “settlement, community, tribe”), Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house”), Latin vicus (“village”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Noun

vis m (plural vise, definite visi, definite plural viset)

Declension

Declension of vis

	indefinite		definite
	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	vis	vise	visi	viset
accusative	vis	vise	visin	viset
dative	visi	viseve	visit	visevet
ablative	visi	visesh	visit	visevet

Derived terms

visele

References

^ Albanische Etymologien (Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz), Bardhyl Demiraj, Leiden Studies in Indo-European 7; Amsterdam - Atlanta 1997.p . 419.
^ Vladimir, Orel. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the albanian language

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Rhymes: -ɪs
Homophone: viz

Verb

vis

second-person singular imperative of viset

Anagrams

vsi

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin vādō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /βis/

Verb

vis

(first-person singular indicative present) of zer

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse vís (in ǫðru vís(i) "otherwise"), from Proto-Germanic *wīsō, *wīsǭ (“manner”). Cognate with Norwegian vis, Swedish vis, English wise, Dutch wijze and German Weise. Another variant of the same word is Danish vise (“song”), Swedish visa, from Old Norse vísa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Rhymes: -iːˀs

Noun

vis c

manner, way
Altså må jeg finde æblerne på anden vis.
In conclusion, I must find the apples some other way.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Rhymes: -iːˀs

Adjective

vis

wise

Inflection

Inflection of vis
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Indefinte common singular	vis	visere	visest²
Indefinite neuter singular	vist	visere	visest²
Plural	vise	visere	visest²
Definite attributive¹	vise	visere	viseste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

References

“vis,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 3

From Old Norse viss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz, cognate with Norwegian viss, Swedish viss, German gewiss.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Rhymes: -es

Adjective

vis (neuter vist, plural and definite singular attributive visse)

sure, certain
den visse død
certain death
certain, a
En vis Hr. Broholm vil tale med Dem.
A mr. Broholm wishes to speak with you.

References

“vis,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Rhymes: -iːˀs

Verb

vis

imperative of vise

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /vɪs/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: vis
Rhymes: -ɪs

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

Noun

vis m (plural vissen, diminutive visje n)

(countable) fish (aquatic organism)
(uncountable) fish (quantity of the above seen as catch, product, meat)

Alternative forms

(before 1934) visch

Derived terms

Descendants

Afrikaans: vis
Berbice Creole Dutch: fesi
Jersey Dutch: väśe
Negerhollands: visch, vesch, fes, fis, vis
- → Virgin Islands Creole: fis (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: fesi, fisse, fiche
Petjo: fis
→? Aukan: fisi

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vis

inflection of vissen:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. imperative

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French viz, from Latin vītis (“vine”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /vis/
audio (file)
Homophones: vice, vices, visse, vissent, visses

Noun

vis f (plural vis)

screw (metal fastener)

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Catalan: vis
→ Dutch: vijs
→ Vietnamese: vít

Etymology 2

See vivre.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /vi/
Homophones: vie, vies, vit, vît

Verb

vis

inflection of vivre:
1. first/second-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular present imperative

Etymology 3

See voir.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /vi/
Homophones: vie, vies, vit, vît

Verb

vis

first/second-person singular past historic of voir

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /u̯iːs/,
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /vis/,

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *wīs, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “strength”), Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “enjoyment, vigor, youth, age”). See also via, invītus, invītō, Ancient Greek οἶμος (oîmos).

Noun

vīs f (irregular, genitive *vīs); third declension

force, power, strength, vigor, faculty, potency
Synonyms: rōbur, ops, vehementia
- Sit vīs tēcum.
  May the Force be with you.
(in the plural) strength, might (physical)
omnibus vīribus ― with all his strength; with all her might; with all their force
violence, assault
Synonyms: aggressiō, impressiō, assultus, invāsiō, concursus, impetus, appetītus, occursiō, oppugnātiō, incursus, incursiō, petītiō, ictus, procella
- the Wikipedia page Martin Luther on Catholic church reform
  Nōn vī, sed verbō.
  Not through violence, but the word.
ad vim atque ad arma confugere ― appeal to violence and fighting
(figuratively) meaning, significance, nature, essence and value of a word
(figuratively) assault, affront
(figuratively) quantity, flood
(New Latin, physics) energy, force

Usage notes

The genitive and dative singular are not in common use (with exceptional attestations being analogical) and substituted with forms of rōbur (rōboris, rōborī).
The plural forms of this noun are often treated as a separate plurale tantum noun, with a distinct meaning of physical force. An analogical nominative/accusative vīs is occasionally found, beginning with Lucretius.

Declension

Third-declension noun (irregular, defective).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vīs	vīrēs
Genitive	*vīs	vīrium
Dative	*vī	vīribus
Accusative	vim	vīrēs vīrīs
Ablative	vī	vīribus
Vocative	vīs	vīrēs

Derived terms

Descendants

→ English: vis, vim

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁si, second-person singular present of *wéyh₁ti. This particular form is suppletive, in contrast to the other forms of volō, which derive from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. (Proto-Italic *wels became a separate word (vel (“or, and/or”), to be specific) in Latin.)

Verb

vīs

second-person singular present active indicative of volō

Derived terms

References

^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin‎, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, § III, pages 255-6

“vis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“vis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
vis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
vis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- there is a storm at sea: mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur
- straight on: rectā (viā)
- to wish any one a prosperous journey: aliquem proficiscentem votis ominibusque prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...)
- to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus
- as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte
- to burst into a flood of tears: lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere
- to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- to lay hands on oneself: manus, vim sibi afferre
- to perform the last offices of affection: supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to have considerable influence on a question: magnam vim habere ad aliquid
- to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- to wish prosperity to an undertaking: aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to honour, show respect for, a person: aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
- there seems a prospect of armed violence; things look like violence: res spectat ad vim (arma)
- to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing: exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...)
- to possess presence of mind: praesenti animo uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
- to behave with cruelty: crudelitate uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
- to use insulting expressions to any one: contumeliosis vocibus prosequi aliquem (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...)
- to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui
- to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui
- to kill with violence: vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21)
- to meet force by force: vim vi depellere
- to meet force by force: vi vim illatam defendere
- to vote (in the popular assembly): suffragium ferre (vid. sect. VI. 4, note Not sententiam...)
- to accuse a person of violence, poisoning: accusare aliquem de vi, de veneficiis
- to procure a very large supply of corn: frumenti vim maximam comparare
- by force of arms: vi et armis
- to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3)
- to have recourse to force of arms: ad vim et arma descendere (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly...)
- to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters: collatis signis (viribus) pugnare
- (ambiguous) the frost set in so severely that..: tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut
- (ambiguous) bodily strength: vires corporis or merely vires
- (ambiguous) to gain strength: vires colligere
- (ambiguous) to lose strength: vires aliquem deficiunt
- (ambiguous) as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
- (ambiguous) to become old and feeble: vires consenescunt
- (ambiguous) vivid, lively imagination: ingenii vis or celeritas
- (ambiguous) what do you mean to do: quid tibi vis?
- (ambiguous) oratorical power: vis dicendi
- (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae est vis huius verbi?
- (ambiguous) the fundamental meaning of a word: vis et notio verbi, vocabuli
- (ambiguous) enthusiasm: ardor, inflammatio animi, incitatio mentis, mentis vis incitatior
“vis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“vis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
“vis”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag
Dizionario Latino, Olivetti

Latvian

Particle

vis (invariable)

Used to strengthen denying of the verb
nav vis ― not at all

es neiešu vis ― I shall not go

Adverb

vis

very, most (synonym of word pats)

Middle French

Alternative forms

viz

Etymology

From Old French vis.

Noun

vis m (plural vis)

face

Descendants

French: vis

Norman

Verb

vis

first-person singular preterite of vaie

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss.

Adjective

vis (neuter singular vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visere, indefinite superlative visest, definite superlative viseste)

wise

Derived terms

visdom

Etymology 2

Verb

vis

imperative of vise

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʋiːs/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz. Akin to English wise.

Adjective

vis (neuter vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visare, indefinite superlative visast, definite superlative visaste)

wise
Han er ein vis mann.
He is a wise man.

Etymology 2

From Old Norse vís, from Proto-Germanic *wīsō. Akin to English wise.

Noun

vis f or m or n (definite singular visen or visa or viset, indefinite plural visar or viser or vis, definite plural visane or visene or visa)

a way, manner
Synonym: måte

Dette har vore gjort på ulike vis.
This has been done in different ways.

Her gjer med det på dette viset.
We do it in this manner here.

Usage notes

The by far most common gender in use is neuter.

Inflection

Historical inflection of vis

	indefinite singular	definite singular	indefinite plural	definite plural
Aasen¹	Vis f	Visi	Viser	Viserna
1901			viser (visir)	viserne (visine)
1917		visa, visi	viser	visene²
1938		visa
1959	vis m, f or n	visen; visa ; viset	visar; viser; vis	visane; visene; visa
2012 (current)	vis m, f or n	visen; visa; viset	visar; viser; vis	visane; visene; visa

Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. ¹Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. ²Form was allowed for schoolchildren as of 1910.

Etymology 3

Verb

vis

imperative of visa

References

“vis” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

siv, svi

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin vīsus (“act of looking; appearance”).

Noun

vis oblique singular, m (oblique plural vis, nominative singular vis, nominative plural vis)

(anatomy) face
Synonyms: visage, face
opinion

Descendants

French: visage, avis

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

vis

inflection of vif (“alive”):
1. oblique plural
2. nominative singular

Piedmontese

Etymology

From Latin vītis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /vis/

Noun

vis f (plural vis)

vine

Polabian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈvis/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *vьśь.

Pronoun

vis m

all

Alternative forms

vės

Declension

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Noun

vis f

axis

Declension

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Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

References

Lehr-Spławiński, Tadeusz (1994) Słownik etymołogiczny języka drzewian połabskich. Zeszyt 6. (in Polish), Warszawa: Energia, pages 991-992.

Portuguese

Adjective

vis

masculine/feminine plural of vil

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vīsum.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Noun

vis n (plural visuri or vise)

dream; vision

Declension

Declension of vis

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) vis	visul	(niște) visuri	visurile
genitive/dative	(unui) vis	visului	(unor) visuri	visurilor
vocative	visule		visurilor

Declension of vis

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) vis	visul	(niște) vise	visele
genitive/dative	(unui) vis	visului	(unor) vise	viselor
vocative	visule		viselor

Related terms

visa
vedea

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vysь.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʋîːs/

Noun

vȋs m (Cyrillic spelling ви̑с)

(expressively, in the literature) height
dići u vis ― to raise, elevate

skok u vis ― high jump
summit (of a hill)

Declension

Declension of vis

	singular	plural
nominative	vȋs	vísovi
genitive	visa	visova
dative	visu	visovima
accusative	vis	visove
vocative	vise	visovi
locative	visu	visovima
instrumental	visom	visovima

References

“vis” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Swedish

Pronunciation

audio (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”).

Adjective

vis (comparative visare, superlative visast)

wise

Usage notes

In de tre vise männen (“the three wise men”), an archaic weak masculine plural form vise is used.

Declension

Inflection of vis
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative²
Common singular	vis	visare	visast
Neuter singular	vist	visare	visast
Plural	visa	visare	visast
Masculine plural³	vise	visare	visast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular¹	vise	visare	visaste
All	visa	visare	visaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic