vitupérer

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See also: vituperer

French

Etymology

From Latin vituperāre.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /vi.ty.pe.ʁe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

vitupérer

  1. (intransitive) to vituperate; to rant and rave; to rail
    Synonym: invectiver
    vitupérer contre le gouvernement ― (please add an English translation of this usage example); to rail against the government, rant and rave against the government

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written vitupérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written vitupèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of vitupérer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple vitupérer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple vitupérant
/vi.ty.pe.ʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle vitupéré
/vi.ty.pe.ʁe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present vitupère
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/ 		vitupères
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/ 		vitupère
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/ 		vitupérons
/vi.ty.pe.ʁɔ̃/ 		vitupérez
/vi.ty.pe.ʁe/ 		vitupèrent
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/
imperfect vitupérais
/vi.ty.pe.ʁɛ/ 		vitupérais
/vi.ty.pe.ʁɛ/ 		vitupérait
/vi.ty.pe.ʁɛ/ 		vitupérions
/vi.ty.pe.ʁjɔ̃/ 		vitupériez
/vi.ty.pe.ʁje/ 		vitupéraient
/vi.ty.pe.ʁɛ/
past historic2 vitupérai
/vi.ty.pe.ʁe/ 		vitupéras
/vi.ty.pe.ʁa/ 		vitupéra
/vi.ty.pe.ʁa/ 		vitupérâmes
/vi.ty.pe.ʁam/ 		vitupérâtes
/vi.ty.pe.ʁat/ 		vitupérèrent
/vi.ty.pe.ʁɛʁ/
future vitupèrerai or vitupérerai
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁe/ 		vitupèreras or vitupéreras
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁa/ 		vitupèrera or vitupérera
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁa/ 		vitupèrerons or vitupérerons
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ 		vitupèrerez or vitupérerez
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁe/ 		vitupèreront or vitupéreront
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional vitupèrerais or vitupérerais
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		vitupèrerais or vitupérerais
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		vitupèrerait or vitupérerait
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		vitupèrerions or vitupérerions
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		vitupèreriez or vitupéreriez
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁje/ 		vitupèreraient or vitupéreraient
/vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /vi.ty.pe.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present vitupère
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/ 		vitupères
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/ 		vitupère
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/ 		vitupérions
/vi.ty.pe.ʁjɔ̃/ 		vitupériez
/vi.ty.pe.ʁje/ 		vitupèrent
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/
imperfect2 vitupérasse
/vi.ty.pe.ʁas/ 		vitupérasses
/vi.ty.pe.ʁas/ 		vitupérât
/vi.ty.pe.ʁa/ 		vitupérassions
/vi.ty.pe.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ 		vitupérassiez
/vi.ty.pe.ʁa.sje/ 		vitupérassent
/vi.ty.pe.ʁas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — vitupère
/vi.ty.pɛʁ/ 		— vitupérons
/vi.ty.pe.ʁɔ̃/ 		vitupérez
/vi.ty.pe.ʁe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

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