walka

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See also: walką, wałka, and walkã

Old Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Czech válka. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /va(ː)lʲka/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /valʲka/, /vɒlʲka/

Noun

walka f (related adjective waleczny)

  1. war (organized armed conflict)
    Synonym: wojna
  2. military service
    Synonym: wojna
    • 1874-1891 , Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, , , volume XXV, page 158:
      Ku valcze ad miliciam
  3. (attested in Greater Poland) battle; fight (general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement)
  4. (attested in Greater Poland) duel (arranged, regular combat between two private persons)
    • 1466, Elżbieta Belcarzowa, editor, Glosy z rkpsu Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej nr 2195 oraz z rękopisu, numbers 1490/11, 1945/1, Biblioteka Kapitulna w Pradze, page 17:
      Ecce dies oritur tempusque locusque duelli, gl. pugne valcze, stant pugiles
    • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 43r:
      Duellum ein kampf et dicitur quasi duorum bellum valką
  5. reason for conflict
    • 1874-1891 , Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, , , volume I, page XLI:
      Picha przeczywko sząszyądowy walka gyest, czakagyącz gromw y strzali (superbia contra vicinum balneum, var. venenum, est, expectans tonitruum cum sagitta)
      walka jest, czakając gromu i strzały (superbia contra vicinum balneum, var. venenum, est, expectans tonitruum cum sagitta)]
  6. battle; struggle
    • 1874-1891 , Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, , , volume XXII, page 243:
      Bo czsso pomoze... tobye gine s sobą gednacz a pocoycz, gdi w tey duschi gest walka grzeschna
      ej duszy jest walka grzeszna]
  7. agony (struggle that precedes death)
    • 1882 , Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts, page 274:
      Factus in agonia, id est venit pugna super eum przysla nany walka (factus in agonia, sc. Iesus, prolixius orabat Luc 22, 43)
  8. argument, fight
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 455:
      Byla myedzy lyvdem vyelyka valka, bo nyektorzy movyly, yze podobno dacz dan rzymskym czeszarzom..., alye lyczemyernyczy... movyly..., yze myszmy volny od svyeczkych zakonow
  9. (attested in Greater Poland) game played on Easter in which one rolls Easter eggs
    • 1908 , Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490, Lubiń, page 116:
      Valką alreda

Derived terms

verbs

Descendants

  • Polish: walka
  • Silesian: walka

References

  1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “walka”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  2. ^ Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “walka”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish walka.

Pronunciation

 
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -alka
  • Syllabification: wal‧ka

Noun

walka f (related adjective waleczny)

  1. (countable) battle, combat, fight (mutual use of force or weapons against one another)
    Synonym: starcie
  2. (countable, sports) fight; clash (arrange combat often for entertainment; arranged sports competition)
  3. (countable) fight, combat (act of attempting to defeat an opponent in some dispute or contest)
    Synonym: rywalizacja
  4. (uncountable) struggle, fight (act of attempting to remove undesirable phenomena or difficulties, to get something, or to help someone)
  5. (uncountable) struggle, fight (act of attempting to win someone's favor)
  6. (uncountable, literary) struggle, fight (act of opposing forces of nature or general phenomena)
  7. (uncountable) clash (contradiction, e.g. between differing or contending interests, views, purposes)
  8. (uncountable, obsolete, biology) competition (fighting for resources between species in the same environment)
  9. (countable, obsolete) desire, want for something
    Synonyms: chrapka, chęć, ochota
    1. (Lasovia) desire to pester or harm
      Ma walkę na mnie.He wants to pester me.

Declension

Derived terms

verbs
adverbs

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), walka is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 48 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 70 times in essays, 14 times in fiction, and 5 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 218 times, making it the 256th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “walka”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 651

Further reading

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish walka.

Pronunciation

Noun

walka f (related adjective waleczny)

  1. battle; fight (general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement)
    Synonym: bōj

Declension

Declension of walka
singular plural
nominative walka walki
genitive walki walk
dative walce walkōm
accusative walkã walki
instrumental walkōm walkami/walkōma
locative walce walkach
vocative walko walki

Further reading