wczoraj

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Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish wczora. The current form with the final -j was first attested in 1656–1688.[1] For the final -j, compare dzisiaj.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈft͡ʂɔ.raj/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈft͡ʂɔ.raj/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔraj
  • Syllabification: wczo‧raj

Adverb

wczoraj (not comparable)

  1. yesterday (on the previous day)
  2. yesterday (in the past)

Noun

wczoraj n (indeclinable)

  1. yesterday (the previous day)
  2. yesterday (the recent past)

Derived terms

adjective
adverb

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), wczoraj is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 0 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 1 time in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 38 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 110 times, making it the 562nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

References

  1. ^ “WCZORAJ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 14.09.2021
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “wczoraj”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 656

Further reading

  • wczoraj in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • wczoraj in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “wczora”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “WCZORA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 14.09.2021
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “wczoraj”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “wczoraj”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “wczoraj”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 490
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