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English
Etymology
where + by
Pronunciation
Adverb
whereby (not comparable)
- (interrogative, obsolete) By what, in which direction; how.
- Whereby goest thou?
- By which.
c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :Shylock:
Nay, take my life and all; pardon not that:
You take my house when you do take the prop
That doth sustain my house; you take my life
When you do take the means whereby I live.
1990, Local management of schools, Kogan Page Ltd:Other heads saw devolution as a whole new way of life and adopted an approach whereby the power of devolution was used to enable the school to drive the curriculum.
- (nonstandard) Where, wherein, in which.
Usage notes
Use of whereby as a formal equivalent of where is nonstandard and is avoided by careful speakers and writers, who use where or in which instead.
Translations
by which
- Arabic: الذي به, بذلك
- Bulgarian: по какъв начин (po kakǎv način)
- Catalan: pel qual, per la qual
- Czech: čím (cs), čímž, jímž (cs)
- Danish: hvorved
- Dutch: waarbij (nl)
- Finnish: jolla (fi), millä (fi)
- French: par quoi, par lequel
- German: wodurch (de)
- Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍈𐌴 (biƕē)
- Hungarian: miáltal (hu), mi/ami által/révén/útján, mi/ami/minek/aminek/amelynek alapján/értelmében, (living by … means) miből, amiből (hu), amelyből
- Italian: per cui
- Norwegian: hvorved
- Portuguese: pelo qual
- Russian: при (ru) (pri) помощи (ru) (pomošči)
- Spanish: mediante el cual, por la cual
- Swedish: varmed (sv)
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See also
- (about): hereabout, thereabout, whereabout
- (abouts): hereabouts, thereabouts, whereabouts
- (after): hereafter, thereafter, whereafter
- (again): thereagain
- (against): hereagainst, thereagainst, whereagainst
- (among): hereamong, thereamong, whereamong
- (amongst): thereamongst, whereamongst
- (around): therearound, wherearound
- (as): thereas, whereas
- (at): hereat, thereat, whereat
- (before): herebefore, therebefore
- (beside): therebeside
- (between): therebetween, wherebetween
- (by): hereby, thereby, whereby
- (for): herefor, therefor, wherefor
- (fore): herefore, therefore, wherefore
- (from): herefrom, therefrom, wherefrom
- (hence): herehence, therehence
- (in): herein, therein, wherein
- (in after): hereinafter, thereinafter, whereinafter
- (in before): hereinbefore, thereinbefore, whereinbefore
- (into): hereinto, thereinto, whereinto
- (of): hereof, thereof, whereof
- (on): hereon, thereon, whereon
- (out): hereout, thereout, whereout
- (to): hereto, thereto, whereto
- (tofore): heretofore, theretofore, wheretofore
- (under): hereunder, thereunder, whereunder
- (unto): hereunto, thereunto, whereunto
- (upon): hereupon, thereupon, whereupon
- (with): herewith, therewith, wherewith
- (withal): herewithal, therewithal, wherewithal