wherefore

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English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English wherfor, wherfore, hwarfore, equivalent to where- (what) +‎ for. Compare Dutch waarvoor (what for, wherefore), German wofür (for what, what for, why), Danish and Norwegian hvorfor (wherefore, why), Swedish varför (wherefore, why). More at where, for.

Pronunciation

  • enPR: wâ(r)'fô(r)", hwâ(r)'fô(r)", IPA(key): /ˈwɛə(ɹ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)/, /ˈʍɛə(ɹ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)/
  • (obsolete) enPR: hwûr'fôr", IPA(key): /ˈʍɜːɹˌfɔːɹ/
  • Rhymes: -eə(ɹ)fɔː(ɹ)
  • Hyphenation: where‧fore

Adverb

wherefore (not comparable)

  1. (conjunctive, interrogative, archaic) Why, for what reason, because of what.
  2. (conjunctive, indicative, archaic or formal) Therefore; thus.
    • 1830, Joseph Smith Jr., chapter 4, in The Book of Mormon, Jacob:
      For behold, by the power of his word man came upon the face of the earth, which earth was created by the power of his word. Wherefore, if God being able to speak and the world was, and to speak and man was created, O then, why not able to command the earth, or the workmanship of his hands upon the face of it, according to his will and pleasure?
    • 2010 March 17, House of the United States, House Resolution 1031:
      Wherefore, Judge G. Thomas Porteous, Jr., is guilty of high crimes and misdemeanors and should be removed from office.

Usage notes

A common misconception is that wherefore means where; it is occasionally so used in retellings of William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet—often for comedic effect. In Romeo and Juliet, the meaning of “Wherefore art thou Romeo?” (Act II, scene ii, line 33) is not “Where are you, Romeo?” but “Why are you Romeo?” (“Why do you have to be a Montague?”, that is, a member of the family which was feuding with Juliet’s family).

Derived terms

See also

Here-, there-, and where- words
Pronominal adverbs
about abouts above across after afters again against along among amongst anent1 around as at away beit before beside between beyond by ever for fore forth forward forwards from hence inabove inafter inbefore inbelow inelsewhere insoever into inunder mid2 of on out over so soever somedever3 somever3 through throughout to tofore unto up upon ward wards -wise with withal within without
hence henceafter henceforth henceforward henceforwards hencefrom
here hereabout hereabouts hereabove hereafter hereafters hereagainst hereamong hereamongst hereanent hereat hereaway herebefore hereby herefor herefore hereforth hereforward hereforwards herefrom herehence hereinabove hereinafter hereinbefore hereinbelow hereinelsewhere hereinsoever hereinto hereinunder heremid hereof hereon hereout hereover herethrough herethroughout hereto heretofore hereunto hereupon herewith herewithal herewithin herewithout
hither hitherto hitherunto hitherward hitherwards
how howbeit however howso howsoever howsomedever howsomever
that thataway thatwise
thence thenceafter thenceforth thenceforward thenceforwards thencefrom thenceout
there thereabout thereabouts thereabove thereacross thereafter thereafters thereagain thereagainst therealong thereamong thereamongst thereanent therearound thereat thereaway therebefore therebeside therebetween therebeyond thereby therever therefor therefore thereforth therefrom therehence thereinabove thereinafter thereinbefore thereinbelow thereinto thereinunder theremid thereof thereon thereout thereover theresoever therethrough therethroughout thereto theretofore thereunto thereup thereupon therewith therewithal therewithin therewithout
this thisaway thiswise
thither thitherinsoever thitherto thitherward thitherwards
what whatever whatso whatsoever whatsomedever whatsomever whatwise
when whenabout whenabouts whenas whenever whenso whensoever whensomever
whence whenceafter whencever whenceforth whenceforward whencefrom whenceward whencewards
where whereabout whereabouts whereabove whereafter whereafters whereagainst wherealong whereamong whereamongst whereanent wherearound whereas whereat whereaway wherebefore wherebeside wherebetween wherebeyond whereby wherever wherefor wherefore whereforth wherefrom wherehence whereinabove whereinafter whereinbefore whereinbelow whereinsoever whereinto whereinunder wheremid whereof whereon whereout whereover whereso wheresoever wheresomever wherethrough wherethroughout whereto wheretofore whereunto whereup whereupon wherewith wherewithal wherewithin wherewithout
whither whitherever whitherinsoever whitherso whitherto whithertofore whitherward whitherwards
why whyever whyfor whyso whysoever
1. Scottish
2. from Middle English mid
3. old dialectal form

Conjunction

wherefore

  1. (archaic) Because of which.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible,  (King James Version), London: Robert Barker, , →OCLC, Isaiah 30:12–13, column 1:
      Wherefore, thus ſaith the holy one of Iſrael, Becauſe ye deſpise this word, and truſt in oppreſſion and peruerſeneſſe, and ſtay thereon: Therefore this iniquitie ſhalbe to you as a breach ready to fall, ſwelling out in a high wall, whoſe breaking commeth ſuddenly at an inſtant.
    • 1914 October – 1916 July, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Mucker, Chicago, Ill.: A C McClurg & Co., published 31 October 1921, →OCLC:
      Wherefore it was that by the time the authorities awoke to the fact that something had happened Billy Byrne was fifty miles west of Joliet, bowling along aboard a fast Santa Fe freight.

Translations

Noun

wherefore (plural wherefores)

  1. An intent or purpose; a why.

Derived terms

See also

Here-, there-, and where- words

References

  1. ^ Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volume I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 4.36, page 124.
  2. ^ Gary Martin (1997–) “O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?”, in The Phrase Finder, retrieved 26 February 2017.