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English
Noun
ws
- plural of w
Usage notes
- Opinions vary regarding the use of apostrophes when forming the plurals of letters of the alphabet. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.
Anagrams
Dutch
Alternative forms
Adverb
ws
- (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of waarschijnlijk (“probably”).
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
2-lit.
- (intransitive) to lack
- (with m) to lack (something)
- to withhold, to leave without
Inflection
Conjugation of ws (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ws, geminated stem: wss
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ws
|
wsw, ws
|
wst
|
ws, j.ws
|
ws, j.ws
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ws
|
ḥr ws
|
m ws
|
r ws
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ws.n
|
wsw, ws
|
consecutive
|
ws.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
wst
|
| perfective3
|
ws
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ws.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ws, j.ws1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ws
|
wss
|
potentialis1
|
ws.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ws, j.ws1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ws.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ws
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ws
|
wss, wssj6, ws2, wsw2 5, wsy2 5
|
| imperfective
|
j.ws1, ws, wsy, wsw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
j.ws1, j.wsw1 5, ws, wsj6, wsy6
|
ws, wsw5
|
| prospective
|
ws, wstj7
|
—
|
wstj4, wst4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ws
Derived terms
Noun
m
- (only used in the phrase pr-m-ws) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- height (of a pyramid)
- crack or some other reference point from which the height of a pyramid is measured
Inflection
Declension of ws (masculine)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
- Vafea, Flora (2002) The Mathematics of Pyramid Construction in Ancient Egypt.
