xaaxe

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Afar

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɖaːˈɖe/,
  • Hyphenation: xaa‧xe

Verb

xaaxé

  1. (Northern dialects, auxiliary) intend to
  2. (Northern dialects, auxiliary) almost do

Conjugation

    Conjugation of xaaxe (type II verb)
1st singular 2nd singular 3rd singular 1st plural 2nd plural 3rd plural
m f
perfective V-affirmative xaaxéh xaaxxéh xaaxéh xaaxxéh xaaxnéh, xaanxéh xaaxxeeníh xaaxeeníh
N-affirmative xaaxé xaaxxé xaaxé xaaxxé xaaxné, xaanxé xaaxxén xaaxén
negative máxaaxinniyo máxaaxinnito máxaaxinna máxaaxinna máxaaxinnino máxaaxinniton máxaaxinnon
imperfective V-affirmative xaaxáh xaaxxáh xaaxáh xaaxxáh xaaxnáh, xaanxáh xaaxxaanáh xaaxaanáh
N-affirmative xaaxá xaaxxá xaaxá xaaxxá xaaxná, xaanxá xaaxxán xaaxán
negative máxaaxa máxaaxxa máxaaxa máxaaxxa máxaaxna, máxaanxa máxaaxxan máxaaxan
prospective V-affirmative xaaxéliyoh
xaaxéyyoh
xaaxélitoh
xaaxéttoh
xaaxéleh xaaxéleh xaaxélinoh
xaaxénnoh
xaaxélitoonuh
xaaxéttoonuh
xaaxéloonuh
N-affirmative xaaxéliyo
xaaxéyyo
xaaxélito
xaaxétto
xaaxéle xaaxéle xaaxélino
xaaxénno
xaaxéliton
xaaxétton
xaaxélon
conjunctive I V-affirmative xáaxuh xáaxxuh xáaxuh xáaxxuh xáaxuh, xáanxuh xaaxxóonuh xaaxóonuh
N-affirmative xáaxu xáaxxu xáaxu xáaxxu xáaxu, xáanxuh xaaxxón xaaxón
negative xaaxé wáyuh xaaxé wáytuh xaaxé wáyuh xaaxé wáytuh xaaxé wáynuh xaaxé waytóonuh xaaxé wóonuh
conjunctive II V-affirmative xaaxánkeh xaaxxánkeh xaaxánkeh xaaxxánkeh xaaxnánkeh, xaanxánkeh xaaxxaanánkeh xaaxaanánkeh
N-affirmative xaaxánke xaaxxánke xaaxánke xaaxxánke xaaxnánke, xaanxánke xaaxxaanánke xaaxaanánke
negative xaaxé wáankeh xaaxé waytánkeh xaaxé wáankeh xaaxé waytánkeh xaaxé waynánkeh xaaxé waytaanánkeh xaaxé wáankeh
jussive affirmative xáaxay xáaxxay xáaxay xáaxxay xáaxay, xáanxay xaaxxóonay xaaxóonay
negative xaaxé wáay xaaxé wáytay xaaxé wáay xaaxé wáytay xaaxé wáynay xaaxé waytóonay xaaxé wóonay
past
conditional
affirmative xaaxinniyóy xaaxinnitóy xaaxinnáy xaaxinnáy xaaxinninóy xaaxinnitoonúy xaaxinnoonúy
negative xaaxé wanniyóy xaaxé wannitóy xaaxé wannáy xaaxé wannáy xaaxé wanninóy xaaxé wannitoonúy xaaxé wanninoonúy
present
conditional I
affirmative xaaxék xaaxxék xaaxék xaaxxék xaaxnék, xaanxék xaaxxeeník xaaxeeník
negative xaaxé wéek xaaxé wayték xaaxé wéek xaaxé wayték xaaxé waynék xaaxé wayteeník xaaxé weeník
singular plural singular plural
consultative affirmative xaaxóo xaaxnóo, xaanxóo imperative affirmative xáax xáaxa
negative maxaaxóo maxaaxnóo, máxaanxóo negative máxaaxin máxaaxina
-h converb -i form -k converb -in(n)uh converb -innuk converb infinitive indefinite participle
V-focus N-focus
xáaxah xáaxi xáaxak xaaxínnuh xaaxínnuk xaaxíyya xaaxináanih xaaxináan
Compound tenses
past perfect affirmative perfective + perfective of én or sugé
present perfect affirmative perfective + imperfective of én
future perfect affirmative perfective + prospective of sugé
past progressive -k converb + imperfective of én or sugé
present progressive affirmative imperfect + imperfective of én
future progressive -k converb + prospective of sugé
immediate future affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of wée
imperfect potential I affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of takké
imperfect
potential II
affirmative imperfective + -m + takké
negative xaaxé + imperfective of wée + -m + takké
perfect
potential
affirmative perfective + -m + takké
negative xaaxé + perfective of wée + -m + takké
present
conditional II
affirmative imperfective + object pronoun + tekkék
negative xaaxé + perfective of wée + object pronoun + tekkék
perfect
conditional
affirmative perfective + imperfective of sugé + -k
negative perfective + sugé + imperfective of wée -k
irrealis xaaxé + perfective of xaaxé or raaré

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “xaaxe”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie), Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 348