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Zulu
Etymology
From -xola + -ela.
Verb
-xolela
- (transitive) to forgive
Inflection
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukuxolela
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuxolela
|
ukungaxoleli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
xolela
|
-xolele
|
Plural
|
xolelani
|
-xoleleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyaxolela, ngixolela
|
engixolelayo, engixolela
|
ngixolela
|
angixoleli
|
engingaxoleli
|
ngingaxoleli
|
2nd singular
|
uyaxolela, uxolela
|
oxolelayo, oxolela
|
uxolela
|
awuxoleli
|
ongaxoleli
|
ungaxoleli
|
1st plural
|
siyaxolela, sixolela
|
esixolelayo, esixolela
|
sixolela
|
asixoleli
|
esingaxoleli
|
singaxoleli
|
2nd plural
|
niyaxolela, nixolela
|
enixolelayo, enixolela
|
nixolela
|
anixoleli
|
eningaxoleli
|
ningaxoleli
|
Class 1
|
uyaxolela, uxolela
|
oxolelayo, oxolela
|
exolela
|
akaxoleli
|
ongaxoleli
|
engaxoleli
|
Class 2
|
bayaxolela, baxolela
|
abaxolelayo, abaxolela
|
bexolela
|
abaxoleli
|
abangaxoleli
|
bengaxoleli
|
Class 3
|
uyaxolela, uxolela
|
oxolelayo, oxolela
|
uxolela
|
awuxoleli
|
ongaxoleli
|
ungaxoleli
|
Class 4
|
iyaxolela, ixolela
|
exolelayo, exolela
|
ixolela
|
ayixoleli
|
engaxoleli
|
ingaxoleli
|
Class 5
|
liyaxolela, lixolela
|
elixolelayo, elixolela
|
lixolela
|
alixoleli
|
elingaxoleli
|
lingaxoleli
|
Class 6
|
ayaxolela, axolela
|
axolelayo, axolela
|
exolela
|
awaxoleli
|
angaxoleli
|
engaxoleli
|
Class 7
|
siyaxolela, sixolela
|
esixolelayo, esixolela
|
sixolela
|
asixoleli
|
esingaxoleli
|
singaxoleli
|
Class 8
|
ziyaxolela, zixolela
|
ezixolelayo, ezixolela
|
zixolela
|
azixoleli
|
ezingaxoleli
|
zingaxoleli
|
Class 9
|
iyaxolela, ixolela
|
exolelayo, exolela
|
ixolela
|
ayixoleli
|
engaxoleli
|
ingaxoleli
|
Class 10
|
ziyaxolela, zixolela
|
ezixolelayo, ezixolela
|
zixolela
|
azixoleli
|
ezingaxoleli
|
zingaxoleli
|
Class 11
|
luyaxolela, luxolela
|
oluxolelayo, oluxolela
|
luxolela
|
aluxoleli
|
olungaxoleli
|
lungaxoleli
|
Class 14
|
buyaxolela, buxolela
|
obuxolelayo, obuxolela
|
buxolela
|
abuxoleli
|
obungaxoleli
|
bungaxoleli
|
Class 15
|
kuyaxolela, kuxolela
|
okuxolelayo, okuxolela
|
kuxolela
|
akuxoleli
|
okungaxoleli
|
kungaxoleli
|
Class 17
|
kuyaxolela, kuxolela
|
okuxolelayo, okuxolela
|
kuxolela
|
akuxoleli
|
okungaxoleli
|
kungaxoleli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngixolelile, ngixolelē
|
engixolelile, engixolelē
|
ngixolelile, ngixolelē
|
angixolelanga
|
engingaxolelanga
|
ngingaxolelanga
|
2nd singular
|
uxolelile, uxolelē
|
oxolelile, oxolelē
|
uxolelile, uxolelē
|
awuxolelanga
|
ongaxolelanga
|
ungaxolelanga
|
1st plural
|
sixolelile, sixolelē
|
esixolelile, esixolelē
|
sixolelile, sixolelē
|
asixolelanga
|
esingaxolelanga
|
singaxolelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nixolelile, nixolelē
|
enixolelile, enixolelē
|
nixolelile, nixolelē
|
anixolelanga
|
eningaxolelanga
|
ningaxolelanga
|
Class 1
|
uxolelile, uxolelē
|
oxolelile, oxolelē
|
exolelile, exolelē
|
akaxolelanga
|
ongaxolelanga
|
engaxolelanga
|
Class 2
|
baxolelile, baxolelē
|
abaxolelile, abaxolelē
|
bexolelile, bexolelē
|
abaxolelanga
|
abangaxolelanga
|
bengaxolelanga
|
Class 3
|
uxolelile, uxolelē
|
oxolelile, oxolelē
|
uxolelile, uxolelē
|
awuxolelanga
|
ongaxolelanga
|
ungaxolelanga
|
Class 4
|
ixolelile, ixolelē
|
exolelile, exolelē
|
ixolelile, ixolelē
|
ayixolelanga
|
engaxolelanga
|
ingaxolelanga
|
Class 5
|
lixolelile, lixolelē
|
elixolelile, elixolelē
|
lixolelile, lixolelē
|
alixolelanga
|
elingaxolelanga
|
lingaxolelanga
|
Class 6
|
axolelile, axolelē
|
axolelile, axolelē
|
exolelile, exolelē
|
awaxolelanga
|
angaxolelanga
|
engaxolelanga
|
Class 7
|
sixolelile, sixolelē
|
esixolelile, esixolelē
|
sixolelile, sixolelē
|
asixolelanga
|
esingaxolelanga
|
singaxolelanga
|
Class 8
|
zixolelile, zixolelē
|
ezixolelile, ezixolelē
|
zixolelile, zixolelē
|
azixolelanga
|
ezingaxolelanga
|
zingaxolelanga
|
Class 9
|
ixolelile, ixolelē
|
exolelile, exolelē
|
ixolelile, ixolelē
|
ayixolelanga
|
engaxolelanga
|
ingaxolelanga
|
Class 10
|
zixolelile, zixolelē
|
ezixolelile, ezixolelē
|
zixolelile, zixolelē
|
azixolelanga
|
ezingaxolelanga
|
zingaxolelanga
|
Class 11
|
luxolelile, luxolelē
|
oluxolelile, oluxolelē
|
luxolelile, luxolelē
|
aluxolelanga
|
olungaxolelanga
|
lungaxolelanga
|
Class 14
|
buxolelile, buxolelē
|
obuxolelile, obuxolelē
|
buxolelile, buxolelē
|
abuxolelanga
|
obungaxolelanga
|
bungaxolelanga
|
Class 15
|
kuxolelile, kuxolelē
|
okuxolelile, okuxolelē
|
kuxolelile, kuxolelē
|
akuxolelanga
|
okungaxolelanga
|
kungaxolelanga
|
Class 17
|
kuxolelile, kuxolelē
|
okuxolelile, okuxolelē
|
kuxolelile, kuxolelē
|
akuxolelanga
|
okungaxolelanga
|
kungaxolelanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāxolela
|
engāxolela
|
ngāxolela
|
angixolelanga
|
engingaxolelanga
|
ngingaxolelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāxolela
|
owāxolela
|
wāxolela
|
awuxolelanga
|
ongaxolelanga
|
ungaxolelanga
|
1st plural
|
sāxolela
|
esāxolela
|
sāxolela
|
asixolelanga
|
esingaxolelanga
|
singaxolelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāxolela
|
enāxolela
|
nāxolela
|
anixolelanga
|
eningaxolelanga
|
ningaxolelanga
|
Class 1
|
wāxolela
|
owāxolela
|
āxolela
|
akaxolelanga
|
ongaxolelanga
|
engaxolelanga
|
Class 2
|
bāxolela
|
abāxolela
|
bāxolela
|
abaxolelanga
|
abangaxolelanga
|
bengaxolelanga
|
Class 3
|
wāxolela
|
owāxolela
|
wāxolela
|
awuxolelanga
|
ongaxolelanga
|
ungaxolelanga
|
Class 4
|
yāxolela
|
eyāxolela
|
yāxolela
|
ayixolelanga
|
engaxolelanga
|
ingaxolelanga
|
Class 5
|
lāxolela
|
elāxolela
|
lāxolela
|
alixolelanga
|
elingaxolelanga
|
lingaxolelanga
|
Class 6
|
āxolela
|
āxolela
|
āxolela
|
awaxolelanga
|
angaxolelanga
|
engaxolelanga
|
Class 7
|
sāxolela
|
esāxolela
|
sāxolela
|
asixolelanga
|
esingaxolelanga
|
singaxolelanga
|
Class 8
|
zāxolela
|
ezāxolela
|
zāxolela
|
azixolelanga
|
ezingaxolelanga
|
zingaxolelanga
|
Class 9
|
yāxolela
|
eyāxolela
|
yāxolela
|
ayixolelanga
|
engaxolelanga
|
ingaxolelanga
|
Class 10
|
zāxolela
|
ezāxolela
|
zāxolela
|
azixolelanga
|
ezingaxolelanga
|
zingaxolelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāxolela
|
olwāxolela
|
lwāxolela
|
aluxolelanga
|
olungaxolelanga
|
lungaxolelanga
|
Class 14
|
bāxolela
|
obāxolela
|
bāxolela
|
abuxolelanga
|
obungaxolelanga
|
bungaxolelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāxolela
|
okwāxolela
|
kwāxolela
|
akuxolelanga
|
okungaxolelanga
|
kungaxolelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāxolela
|
okwāxolela
|
kwāxolela
|
akuxolelanga
|
okungaxolelanga
|
kungaxolelanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingaxolela
|
—
|
ngingaxolela
|
ngingexolele
|
—
|
ngingexolele
|
2nd singular
|
ungaxolela
|
—
|
ungaxolela
|
ungexolele
|
—
|
ungexolele
|
1st plural
|
singaxolela
|
—
|
singaxolela
|
singexolele
|
—
|
singexolele
|
2nd plural
|
ningaxolela
|
—
|
ningaxolela
|
ningexolele
|
—
|
ningexolele
|
Class 1
|
angaxolela
|
—
|
engaxolela
|
angexolele
|
—
|
engexolele
|
Class 2
|
bangaxolela
|
—
|
bengaxolela
|
bangexolele
|
—
|
bengexolele
|
Class 3
|
ungaxolela
|
—
|
ungaxolela
|
ungexolele
|
—
|
ungexolele
|
Class 4
|
ingaxolela
|
—
|
ingaxolela
|
ingexolele
|
—
|
ingexolele
|
Class 5
|
lingaxolela
|
—
|
lingaxolela
|
lingexolele
|
—
|
lingexolele
|
Class 6
|
angaxolela
|
—
|
engaxolela
|
angexolele
|
—
|
engexolele
|
Class 7
|
singaxolela
|
—
|
singaxolela
|
singexolele
|
—
|
singexolele
|
Class 8
|
zingaxolela
|
—
|
zingaxolela
|
zingexolele
|
—
|
zingexolele
|
Class 9
|
ingaxolela
|
—
|
ingaxolela
|
ingexolele
|
—
|
ingexolele
|
Class 10
|
zingaxolela
|
—
|
zingaxolela
|
zingexolele
|
—
|
zingexolele
|
Class 11
|
lungaxolela
|
—
|
lungaxolela
|
lungexolele
|
—
|
lungexolele
|
Class 14
|
bungaxolela
|
—
|
bungaxolela
|
bungexolele
|
—
|
bungexolele
|
Class 15
|
kungaxolela
|
—
|
kungaxolela
|
kungexolele
|
—
|
kungexolele
|
Class 17
|
kungaxolela
|
—
|
kungaxolela
|
kungexolele
|
—
|
kungexolele
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoxolela
|
engizoxolela
|
ngizoxolela
|
angizuxolela
|
engingezuxolela
|
ngingezuxolela
|
2nd singular
|
uzoxolela
|
ozoxolela
|
uzoxolela
|
awuzuxolela
|
ongezuxolela
|
ungezuxolela
|
1st plural
|
sizoxolela
|
esizoxolela
|
sizoxolela
|
asizuxolela
|
esingezuxolela
|
singezuxolela
|
2nd plural
|
nizoxolela
|
enizoxolela
|
nizoxolela
|
anizuxolela
|
eningezuxolela
|
ningezuxolela
|
Class 1
|
uzoxolela
|
ozoxolela
|
ezoxolela
|
akazuxolela
|
ongezuxolela
|
engezuxolela
|
Class 2
|
bazoxolela
|
abazoxolela
|
bezoxolela
|
abazuxolela
|
abangezuxolela
|
bengezuxolela
|
Class 3
|
uzoxolela
|
ozoxolela
|
uzoxolela
|
awuzuxolela
|
ongezuxolela
|
ungezuxolela
|
Class 4
|
izoxolela
|
ezoxolela
|
izoxolela
|
ayizuxolela
|
engezuxolela
|
ingezuxolela
|
Class 5
|
lizoxolela
|
elizoxolela
|
lizoxolela
|
alizuxolela
|
elingezuxolela
|
lingezuxolela
|
Class 6
|
azoxolela
|
azoxolela
|
ezoxolela
|
awazuxolela
|
angezuxolela
|
engezuxolela
|
Class 7
|
sizoxolela
|
esizoxolela
|
sizoxolela
|
asizuxolela
|
esingezuxolela
|
singezuxolela
|
Class 8
|
zizoxolela
|
ezizoxolela
|
zizoxolela
|
azizuxolela
|
ezingezuxolela
|
zingezuxolela
|
Class 9
|
izoxolela
|
ezoxolela
|
izoxolela
|
ayizuxolela
|
engezuxolela
|
ingezuxolela
|
Class 10
|
zizoxolela
|
ezizoxolela
|
zizoxolela
|
azizuxolela
|
ezingezuxolela
|
zingezuxolela
|
Class 11
|
luzoxolela
|
oluzoxolela
|
luzoxolela
|
aluzuxolela
|
olungezuxolela
|
lungezuxolela
|
Class 14
|
buzoxolela
|
obuzoxolela
|
buzoxolela
|
abuzuxolela
|
obungezuxolela
|
bungezuxolela
|
Class 15
|
kuzoxolela
|
okuzoxolela
|
kuzoxolela
|
akuzuxolela
|
okungezuxolela
|
kungezuxolela
|
Class 17
|
kuzoxolela
|
okuzoxolela
|
kuzoxolela
|
akuzuxolela
|
okungezuxolela
|
kungezuxolela
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoxolela
|
engiyoxolela
|
ngiyoxolela
|
angiyuxolela
|
engingeyuxolela
|
ngingeyuxolela
|
2nd singular
|
uyoxolela
|
oyoxolela
|
uyoxolela
|
awuyuxolela
|
ongeyuxolela
|
ungeyuxolela
|
1st plural
|
siyoxolela
|
esiyoxolela
|
siyoxolela
|
asiyuxolela
|
esingeyuxolela
|
singeyuxolela
|
2nd plural
|
niyoxolela
|
eniyoxolela
|
niyoxolela
|
aniyuxolela
|
eningeyuxolela
|
ningeyuxolela
|
Class 1
|
uyoxolela
|
oyoxolela
|
eyoxolela
|
akayuxolela
|
ongeyuxolela
|
engeyuxolela
|
Class 2
|
bayoxolela
|
abayoxolela
|
beyoxolela
|
abayuxolela
|
abangeyuxolela
|
bengeyuxolela
|
Class 3
|
uyoxolela
|
oyoxolela
|
uyoxolela
|
awuyuxolela
|
ongeyuxolela
|
ungeyuxolela
|
Class 4
|
iyoxolela
|
eyoxolela
|
iyoxolela
|
ayiyuxolela
|
engeyuxolela
|
ingeyuxolela
|
Class 5
|
liyoxolela
|
eliyoxolela
|
liyoxolela
|
aliyuxolela
|
elingeyuxolela
|
lingeyuxolela
|
Class 6
|
ayoxolela
|
ayoxolela
|
eyoxolela
|
awayuxolela
|
angeyuxolela
|
engeyuxolela
|
Class 7
|
siyoxolela
|
esiyoxolela
|
siyoxolela
|
asiyuxolela
|
esingeyuxolela
|
singeyuxolela
|
Class 8
|
ziyoxolela
|
eziyoxolela
|
ziyoxolela
|
aziyuxolela
|
ezingeyuxolela
|
zingeyuxolela
|
Class 9
|
iyoxolela
|
eyoxolela
|
iyoxolela
|
ayiyuxolela
|
engeyuxolela
|
ingeyuxolela
|
Class 10
|
ziyoxolela
|
eziyoxolela
|
ziyoxolela
|
aziyuxolela
|
ezingeyuxolela
|
zingeyuxolela
|
Class 11
|
luyoxolela
|
oluyoxolela
|
luyoxolela
|
aluyuxolela
|
olungeyuxolela
|
lungeyuxolela
|
Class 14
|
buyoxolela
|
obuyoxolela
|
buyoxolela
|
abuyuxolela
|
obungeyuxolela
|
bungeyuxolela
|
Class 15
|
kuyoxolela
|
okuyoxolela
|
kuyoxolela
|
akuyuxolela
|
okungeyuxolela
|
kungeyuxolela
|
Class 17
|
kuyoxolela
|
okuyoxolela
|
kuyoxolela
|
akuyuxolela
|
okungeyuxolela
|
kungeyuxolela
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngixolele
|
ngingaxoleli
|
2nd singular
|
uxolele
|
ungaxoleli
|
1st plural
|
sixolele
|
singaxoleli
|
2nd plural
|
nixolele
|
ningaxoleli
|
Class 1
|
axolele
|
angaxoleli
|
Class 2
|
baxolele
|
bangaxoleli
|
Class 3
|
uxolele
|
ungaxoleli
|
Class 4
|
ixolele
|
ingaxoleli
|
Class 5
|
lixolele
|
lingaxoleli
|
Class 6
|
axolele
|
angaxoleli
|
Class 7
|
sixolele
|
singaxoleli
|
Class 8
|
zixolele
|
zingaxoleli
|
Class 9
|
ixolele
|
ingaxoleli
|
Class 10
|
zixolele
|
zingaxoleli
|
Class 11
|
luxolele
|
lungaxoleli
|
Class 14
|
buxolele
|
bungaxoleli
|
Class 15
|
kuxolele
|
kungaxoleli
|
Class 17
|
kuxolele
|
kungaxoleli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngaxolela
|
ngangaxolela, angaxolela, angangaxolela
|
2nd singular
|
waxolela
|
wangaxolela, awaxolela, awangaxolela
|
1st plural
|
saxolela
|
sangaxolela, asaxolela, asangaxolela
|
2nd plural
|
naxolela
|
nangaxolela, anaxolela, anangaxolela
|
Class 1
|
waxolela
|
wangaxolela, akaxolela, akangaxolela
|
Class 2
|
baxolela
|
bangaxolela, abaxolela, abangaxolela
|
Class 3
|
waxolela
|
wangaxolela, awaxolela, awangaxolela
|
Class 4
|
yaxolela
|
yangaxolela, ayaxolela, ayangaxolela
|
Class 5
|
laxolela
|
langaxolela, alaxolela, alangaxolela
|
Class 6
|
axolela
|
angaxolela, awaxolela, awangaxolela
|
Class 7
|
saxolela
|
sangaxolela, asaxolela, asangaxolela
|
Class 8
|
zaxolela
|
zangaxolela, azaxolela, azangaxolela
|
Class 9
|
yaxolela
|
yangaxolela, ayaxolela, ayangaxolela
|
Class 10
|
zaxolela
|
zangaxolela, azaxolela, azangaxolela
|
Class 11
|
lwaxolela
|
lwangaxolela, alwaxolela, alwangaxolela
|
Class 14
|
baxolela
|
bangaxolela, abaxolela, abangaxolela
|
Class 15
|
kwaxolela
|
kwangaxolela, akwaxolela, akwangaxolela
|
Class 17
|
kwaxolela
|
kwangaxolela, akwaxolela, akwangaxolela
|
References