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English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
The verb is derived from Middle English yernen, yern (“to express or feel desire; to desire, long or wish for; to lust after; to ask or demand for”) , from Old English ġeornan (“to desire, yearn; to beg”) , from Proto-West Germanic *girnijan (“to be eager for, desire”), from Proto-Germanic *girnijaną (“to desire, want”), from *gernaz (“eager, willing”) (from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”)) + *-janą (suffix forming factitive verbs from adjectives).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Verb
yearn (third-person singular simple present yearns, present participle yearning, simple past and past participle yearned or (rare) yearnt)
- (intransitive, also figuratively) To have a strong desire for something or to do something; to long for or to do something.
All I yearn for is a simple life.
c. 1613 (first performance), John Fletcher, “The Tragedie of Bonduca”, in Comedies and Tragedies , London: Humphrey Robinson, , and for Humphrey Moseley , published 1647, →OCLC, Act II, scene iv, page 56, column 2:I muſt do that my heart-ſtrings yern to do: but my word's paſt.
1711 August 24 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “MONDAY, August 13, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 142; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, , volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 243:You are now before my eyes, my eyes that are ready to flow with tenderness, but cannot give relief to my gushing heart, that dictates what I am now saying, and yearns to tell you all its achings.
1840 April – 1841 November, Charles Dickens, “Chapter the Thirty-second”, in The Old Curiosity Shop. A Tale. , volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, , published 1841, →OCLC, page 274:By morning's cheerful glow, but oftener still by evening's gentle light, the child, with a respect for the short and happy intercourse of these two sisters which forbade her to approach and say a thankful word, although she yearned to do so, followed them at a distance in their walks and rambles, […]
1911 January, Jack London, “Just Meat”, in When God Laughs and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 125:And Jim supported his twitching body by holding on to the sink, the while he yearned toward the yellowish concoction that stood for life.
1913–1960 (writing and revisions), E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter 40, in Maurice, London: Penguin Books, published 1971 (1987 printing), →ISBN, page 181:But all that night his body yearned for Alec's, despite him. He called it lustful, a word easily uttered, and opposed it to his work, his family, his friends, his position in society. […] But his body would not be convinced.
- (specifically) To long for something in the past with melancholy or nostalgia.
- (intransitive) Of music, words, etc.: to express strong desire or longing.
1819, John Keats, “The Eve of St. Agnes”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, , published 1820, →OCLC, stanza VII, page 86:The music, yearning like a God in pain, / She scarcely heard: […]
- (intransitive, dated) To have strong feelings of affection, love, sympathy, etc., toward someone.
1711 August 1 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “SATURDAY, July 21, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 123; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, , volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 158:I have left your mother in the next room. Her heart yearns towards you.
1873, Charles Reade, chapter XII, in A Simpleton: A Story of the Day , volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, , →OCLC, pages 99–100:Oh, it was a pretty sight to see this modest young creature, little more than a child herself, anticipating maternity, but blushing every now and then, and looking askant at her lord and master. How his very bowels yearned over her!
1883 June, Ralph Iron [pseudonym; Olive Schreiner], “Tant’ Sannie Holds an Upsitting, and Gregory Writes a Letter”, in The Story of an African Farm, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: H. M. Caldwell Company, →OCLC, part II, page 248:But supper had cheered Tant' Sannie, who found it impossible longer to maintain that decorous silence, and whose heart yearned over the youth.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To be distressed or pained; to grieve; to mourn.
1759, [Laurence Sterne], chapter XVII, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, 2nd (1st London) edition, volume II, London: R and J Dodsley , published 1760, →OCLC, page 144:My father’s and my uncle Toby’s hearts yearn’d with ſympathy for the poor fellow’s diſtreſs,— […]
- (transitive) Often followed by out: to perform (music) which conveys or say (words) which express strong desire or longing.
- (transitive, archaic or poetic) To have a strong desire or longing (for something or to do something).
- Synonym: (obsolete) earn
- (transitive, obsolete) To cause (someone) to have strong feelings of affection, love, sympathy, etc.; also, to grieve or pain (someone).
- Synonym: (obsolete) earn
c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , page 52, column 2:Well, ſhe laments Sir for it, that it would yern your heart to see it: […]
1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , page 86, column 2:It yernes me not, if men my Garments weare; / Nor care I who doth feed vpon my coſt: / Such outward things dwell not in my deſires. / But if it be a ſinne to couet Honor, / I am the moſt offending Soule aliue.
1833, [William Hamilton Maxwell], “Badger-hunting”, in The Field Book: Or, Sports and Pastimes of the United Kingdom; , London: Effingham Wilson, →OCLC, page 31, column 2:When the badger finds that the terriers yearn him in his burrow, he will stop the hole between him and the terriers; […]
1834 June 25, Leigh Hunt, “A Pinch of Snuff (Concluded.)”, in Leigh Hunt’s London Journal, volume I, number 13, London: Charles Knight, ; and Henry Hooper, , →OCLC, page 98, column 1:Wants to sneeze and cannot do it! / Now it yearns me, thrills me, stings me, / Now with rapturous torment wrings me, / Now says “Sneeze, you fool; get through it.”
Conjugation
Derived terms
Translations
to have a strong desire for something or to do something
- Arabic: اِشْتَاقَ (ar) (ištāqa)
- Belarusian: нудзі́цца impf (nudzícca), сумава́ць impf (sumavácʹ), тужы́ць impf (tužýcʹ)
- Bulgarian: копне́я (bg) impf (kopnéja)
- Catalan: anhelar (ca), ansiejar (ca)
- Cebuano: hidlaw
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 想念 (zh) (xiǎngniàn), 思念 (zh) (sīniàn), 盼念 (zh) (pànniàn)
- Danish: længte til, længte efter
- Dutch: smachten (nl), zuchten (nl), verlangen (nl) (naar)
- Esperanto: sopiri
- Finnish: kaivata (fi), haikailla (fi)
- French: languir (fr)
- Georgian: ლტოლვა (lṭolva), სწრაფვა (sc̣rapva), მისწრაფება (misc̣rapeba)
- German: sich sehnen, verlangen (de), vermissen (de)
- Greek: επιθυμώ (el) (epithymó), λαχταρώ (el) (lachtaró)
- Ancient: ὁμείρομαι (homeíromai), ποθέω (pothéō)
- Hebrew: השתוקק (he) (hishtokék), כמה (he) (kamáh)
- Hungarian: sóvárog (hu), vágyódik (hu)
- Italian: bramare (it)
- Japanese: 憧れる (ja) (あこがれる, akogareru), 恋い慕う (ja) (こいしたう, koishitau), 切望する (ja) (せつぼうする, setsubō suru)
- Korean: 동경하다 (ko) (donggyeonghada), 그리워하다 (ko) (geuriwohada)
- Latin: dēsīderō
- Maori: kohekohe (for food)
- Occitan: cobejar (oc), desirar (oc)
- Portuguese: ansiar (pt)
- Romanian: dori (ro), jindui (ro), tânji (ro)
- Russian: скуча́ть (ru) (skučátʹ), тоскова́ть (ru) (toskovátʹ), жа́ждать (ru) (žáždatʹ), стреми́ться (ru) (stremítʹsja), тужи́ть (ru) impf (tužítʹ) (poetic or folklore)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: че̏знути; жу́дјети (Ijekavian), жу́дети (Ekavian)
- Roman: čȅznuti (sh); žúdjeti (sh) (Ijekavian), žúdeti (sh) (Ekavian)
- Spanish: anhelar (es), desear (es), ansiar (es), añorar (es), desperecerse (es)
- Swedish: längta till, längta tillbaka till, längta efter
- Turkish: özlemek (tr), hislenmek (tr)
- Ukrainian: тужи́ти impf (tužýty), скуча́ти impf (skučáty), нудьгува́ти impf (nudʹhuváty), нуди́тися impf (nudýtysja)
- Welsh: dyheu (cy)
- Yiddish: בענקען (benken)
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to long for something in the past with melancholy or nostalgia
to have strong feelings of affection, love, sympathy, etc., toward someone
to have a strong desire for (something)
Translations to be checked
- Romanian: (please verify) a tânji (după) (does the Romanian entry here include the equivalent of the English particle "to"? Shouldn't it just be tânji?)
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Noun
yearn (plural yearns)
- A strong desire or longing; a yearning, a yen.
1979, Norman Mailer, The Executioner's Song:Gibbs now said he wasn't going to pull any punches with Gary when he knew how jealous a man could get, so he also wanted to tell him that Phil Hansen was reputed to have a yearn for attractive ladies.
2010, Frank Buchmann-Moller, Someone to Watch Over Me: The Life and Music of Ben Webster, University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, page 57:"After he had made a record date with us in 1935, I always had a yearn for Ben," he said years later.
2014 February 13, AFP, “Why internet adultery numbers are soaring”, in New Zealand Herald:"My guess, however, is that it has because there are many people who have a yearn for sex outside their relationship but wouldn't have the slightest idea about how to do it or do it safely," Prof Schwartz added.
Translations
Etymology 2
Probably either:
- a variant of earn (“to curdle, as milk”) (though this word is attested later), from Middle English erne, ernen (“to coagulate, congeal”) (chiefly South Midlands) , a metathetic variant of rennen (“to run; to coagulate, congeal”), from Old English rinnen (“to run”) (with the variants iernan, irnan) and Old Norse rinna (“to move quickly, run; of liquid: to flow, run; to melt”), both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir; to rise, spring”); or
- a back-formation from yearning (“(Scotland, archaic) rennet; calf (or other animal’s) stomach used to make rennet”).
Verb
yearn (third-person singular simple present yearns, present participle yearning, simple past and past participle yearned)
- (Northern England, Scotland, intransitive)
- Of milk: to curdle, especially in the cheesemaking process.
- Synonyms: (obsolete or regional) earn, run
- Of cheese: to be made from curdled milk.
- (Northern England, Scotland, transitive)
- To curdle (milk), especially in the cheesemaking process.
- To make (cheese) from curdled milk.
1818 July 25, Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter II, in Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume IV, Edinburgh: [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 24:Also his Honour the Duke will accept ane of our Dunlop cheeses, and it sall be my faut if a better was ever yearned in Lowden.
Translations
of milk: to curdle, especially in the cheesemaking process
of cheese: to be made from curdled milk
to curdle (milk), especially in the cheesemaking process
to make (cheese) from curdled milk
References
- ^ “yernen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ Compare “yearn, v.1”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021; “yearn, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “yearn, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2018.
- ^ “yearn, v.2”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020.
- ^ “rennen, v.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Anagrams
- Aeryn, Arney, Neary, Neyra, Raney, Rayne, Yaren, aryne, rayne, renay, yarne