yna

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See also: -yna and -yňa

Welsh

Alternative forms

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognate with Cornish ena and Breton ena.

Pronunciation

Adverb

yna

  1. there
    1. At a place some distance away from the speaker
      Synonyms: y fan yna, yno
      Mae rhywun yna. ― There's someone there.
      Pwy sy 'na? ― Who's there?
    2. (informal) Used expletively directly following bod (“to be”) to indicate existence without adverbial force. (Used in a similar manner to English there is etc.. Especially common in north Wales.)
      Mae 'na si ar led. ― There's a rumour abroad.
  2. then next
    Synonym: wedyn
    Ewch i'r chwith, yna i'r dde ac yna i'r chwith eto. ― Go left, then right and then left again.
    Ac Yna Clywodd Sŵn y Môr ― And Then He Heard the Sound of the Sea
  3. (informal) (in conjuction with the definite article y)
    1. (following a singular noun) that
      Synonyms: hwnnw, honno
      y ferch yna ― that girl (literally, “the girl there”)
      y bore 'na ― that morning (literally, “the morning there”)
    2. (following a plural noun) those
      Synonym: hyn
      y merched yna ― those girls (literally, “the girls there”)
      y boreau 'na ― those girls (literally, “the mornings there”)

Usage notes

  • In conjuction with the definite article y (yr before a vowel, 'r after a vowel), this adverb functions as a determiner would in English. Formal Welsh prefers the determiners hwnnw (“that (masculine singular)”), honno (“that (feminine singular)”) and hynny (“those (plural)”), all in conjuction with the definite article.

Derived terms

Related terms

  • acw (“there”)
  • dyma (“there is/are, that is/are”)
  • yma (“here”)
  • yno (“there”)

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “yna”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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