From Proto-Balto-Slavic *irā (cf. Latvian ir, dialectal, archaic Latvian forms irād, iraid, irāg, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Old Church Slavonic ѥстъ (jestŭ), Russian есть (jestʹ), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), initially with basically existential (“there is”) meaning, but later on extending to all copular meanings, thus replacing *esti. In Sudovian, also the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The origin of Proto-Balto-Slavic *irā is, however, unclear. Various sources have been proposed: an older interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the particle and conjunction ir (“both... and...”), a noun with the meaning “existence, reality, thing”, or even (more recently) the Proto-Indo-European secondary third-person verbal ending *-r with a later -ā-extension.
yrà
yra (present yrar, preterite yrade, supine yrat, imperative yra)
| Active | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | yra | yras | ||
| Supine | yrat | yrats | ||
| Imperative | yra | — | ||
| Imper. plural1 | yren | — | ||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | |
| Indicative | yrar | yrade | yras | yrades |
| Ind. plural1 | yra | yrade | yras | yrades |
| Subjunctive2 | yre | yrade | yres | yrades |
| Participles | ||||
| Present participle | yrande | |||
| Past participle | — | |||
| 1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. | ||||
yra c
| Declension of yra | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncountable | ||||
| Indefinite | Definite | |||
| Nominative | yra | yran | — | — |
| Genitive | yras | yrans | — | — |
From ur (“drizzle”), as in i ur och skur. Cognate of Icelandic ýra.
yra (present yr, preterite yrde, supine yrt, imperative yr)
yra c
| Declension of yra | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncountable | ||||
| Indefinite | Definite | |||
| Nominative | yra | yran | — | — |
| Genitive | yras | yrans | — | — |
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
yra