From Proto-Brythonic *ɨskarad, from Proto-Celtic *skarati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.[1] Cognate with Old Irish scaraid (“to sever, separate”), Old English sċieran (Modern English shear), Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin carō (“flesh”), Lithuanian skìrti (“separate”).
ysgaru (first-person singular present ysgaraf)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | ysgaraf | ysgeri | ysgara | ysgarwn | ysgerwch, ysgarwch | ysgarant | ysgerir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
ysgarwn | ysgarit | ysgarai | ysgarem | ysgarech | ysgarent | ysgerid | |
preterite | ysgerais | ysgeraist | ysgarodd | ysgarasom | ysgarasoch | ysgarasant | ysgarwyd | |
pluperfect | ysgaraswn | ysgarasit | ysgarasai | ysgarasem | ysgarasech | ysgarasent | ysgarasid, ysgaresid | |
present subjunctive | ysgarwyf | ysgerych | ysgaro | ysgarom | ysgaroch | ysgaront | ysgarer | |
imperative | — | ysgara | ysgared | ysgarwn | ysgerwch, ysgarwch | ysgarent | ysgarer | |
verbal noun | ysgaru | |||||||
verbal adjectives | ysgaredig ysgaradwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | ysgara i, ysgaraf i | ysgari di | ysgarith o/e/hi, ysgariff e/hi | ysgarwn ni | ysgarwch chi | ysgaran nhw |
conditional | ysgarwn i, ysgarswn i | ysgaret ti, ysgarset ti | ysgarai fo/fe/hi, ysgarsai fo/fe/hi | ysgaren ni, ysgarsen ni | ysgarech chi, ysgarsech chi | ysgaren nhw, ysgarsen nhw |
preterite | ysgarais i, ysgares i | ysgaraist ti, ysgarest ti | ysgarodd o/e/hi | ysgaron ni | ysgaroch chi | ysgaron nhw |
imperative | — | ysgara | — | — | ysgarwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
ysgaru | unchanged | unchanged | hysgaru |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.