yvel

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Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, of disputed further etymology.

Alternative forms

ivel, evel, uvel, ivil, evil, yvyl, evyl, yvyll, ivyll, evyll, evill, yvell, evell, eveyl, yvle
ifel, yfel, ufel, eovel, ifell (Early Middle English)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈivəl/, /ˈeːvəl/, /ˈuvəl/
(Kent) IPA^(key): /ˈɛvəl/, /ˈɛːvəl/

Adjective

yvel (plural and weak singular yvele, comparative worse, superlative worst)

Morally evil; iniquitous, malign
Causing harm; injurious, damaging:
1. (pathology) infected, abnormal
2. Causing trouble; tendentious, irascible
Not pleasing; unpleasant, foul.
Worthy of pity; pitiful, sorry.
Having bad fortune; unlucky, unfortunate
Of poor design or manufacture; bad, shoddy
Disparaging, negative, uncomplimentary.
Not trusted; untrustworthy
Not easy; challenging, hard

Related terms

Descendants

English: evil
Scots: evil

References

“ivel, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Noun

yvel (plural yveles)

Moral evil; iniquity, wrongness:
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Joon ·i· 5:19, page 115v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
  we witen þat we ben of god .· ⁊ al þe woꝛld is ſet in yuel
  We know that we are from God, and that all the world is stuck in evil.
1. A sin or moral transgression.
2. An evil or malicious being.
Harm, injury, trouble:
1. Someone or something that harms or troubles.
2. A malady or disease.
3. (rare) Negative or uncomplimentary speech.

Descendants

English: evil
Scots: evil

References

“ivel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

From Old English yfele, yfle (“evilly, badly”).

Alternative forms

ivel, evel, uvel, evil, evyl, evell, evyll, yvele, evele, uvele, yvle
yfele, ufele (Early Middle English)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈivəl(ə)/, /ˈeːvəl(ə)/, /ˈuvəl(ə)/, /-vlə/
(Kent) IPA^(key): /ˈɛvəl(ə)/, /ˈɛːvəl(ə)/, /-vlə/

Adverb

yvel (comparative worse, superlative worst)

wickedly, evilly, iniquitously
badly, sloppily, poorly
injuriously, harmfully; in a damaging way.
- c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39)‎, folio 34, recto, lines 30-31; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:
  Up ſtod him iudaſ lord am I þat [frec]. / I naſ neuer o þe ſtude þer me þe evel ſpec.
  Judas stood up: "Lord, am I that bold? / I was never anywhere where people spoke ill about you."
hurtfully; in a way causing physical injury.
unfortunately, sadly, miserably.
wrongly, incorrectly; counter to fact.
sickly; having disease or illness.
in no way, hardly, insufficiently.
just, barely; by a narrow margin.

Descendants

English: evil (obsolete)

References

“ivel(e, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

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