zaudēt

Cognates include Lithuanian žavìnti, žudýti (“to kill, to destroy”). From the same stem as zust (“to disappear”) (q.v.), of which zaudēt was originally one of the causative forms. The original meaning “to destroy” is attested in 17th-century texts.^[1]

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zaudēt (transitive or intransitive, 2nd conjugation, present zaudēju, zaudē, zaudē, past zaudēju)

1. to lose (to cause something to not be in one's possession, e.g., because of circumstances or bad luck)

   zaudēt visu mantu ― to lose all (one's) property, possessions

   zaudēt sazvejotās zivis ― to lose the fish that had been caught

   viņš zināja, ka Dzērvītes ir pēdējā dzimtas ligzda, kas to saistīja pie šīm vietām; zaudējot Dzērvītes, jaunie putni izklīstu pasaulē... pazustu svešos ļaudīs... nedrīkst zaudēt Dzērvītes ― he knew that Dzērvītes (house) was the last family nest that connected him to this place... losing Dzērvītes, the new birds would disperse in the world... (they) would disappear in (= among) strangers... (he) couldn't lose Dzērvītes

2. to lose (to end up without (something), to not have been able to protect, conserve (something))

   zaudēt dzīvību ― to lose (one's) life

   zaudēt dzimteni ― to lose (one's) homeland

   zaudēt brīvību ― to lose (one's) freedom

   zaudēt darbu ― to lose (one's) work, job

   zaudēt savu varu ― to lose (one's) power

   zaudēt kāda mīlestību ― to lose someone's love

   zaudēt tiesības uz mantojumu ― to lose (one's) right of inheritance

   zaudēt spēku ― to lose force, validity (a document, law, etc.)

   Bērzu muiža bija zaudējusi savu nosaukumu; muižas te vairs nebija ― Bērzu (Birch) Manor had lost its name; there no longer was a manor there

3. to lose (to be without a relative, friend, acquaintance, etc. after his or her death, or after divorce)

   zaudēt abus vecākus ― to lose both parents

   zaudēt kaujā daudzus vīrus ― to lose many men in battle

   agrā bernībā viņa bija zaudējusi ir māti, ir tēvu ― in early childhood she had lost both (her) mother and (her) father

4. to lose (to become such that a given body part, organ or bodily function is lacking)

   zaudēt kāju ― to lose a leg

   zaudēt dzirdi ― to lose (one's) hearing

   zaudēt balsi ― to lose (one's) voice

   zaudēt veselību ― to lose (one's) health

   zaudēt apetīti ― to lose (one's) appetite

   zaudēt samaņu ― to lose consciousness

   zaudēt valodu ― to lose language (= to be suddenly unable to speak, to be speechless)

5. (of bodily fluids) to lose (to have less of it)

   zaudēt asinis ― to lose blood

   palielinātas slāpes rodas tad, ja organisms pastiprināta veidā zaudē šķidrumu ― increased thirst occurs when the organism loses fluids in an accelerated way

   meža cūkas zaudēja rudenī uzkrātos taukus un manāmi novājēja ― wild boars lost in fall the accumulated fats and became visibly weaker

6. (of mental states or skills, or character traits) to lose (to become such that one no longer has it)

   zaudēt drosmi ― to lose courage

   zaudēt pašapziņu ― to lose self-esteem

   zaudēt savaldību ― to lose composure

   zaudēt dzīvesprieku ― to lose (one's) enjoyment of life

   zaudēt interesi ― to lose interest

   zaudēt autoritāti ― to lose authority

   zaudēt cieņu ― to lose respect, dignity

   zaudēt cerības ― to lose hope

   zaudēt uzticību ― to lose confidence

   zaudēt ticību saviem spēkiem ― to lose faith in oneself (lit. in one's forces)

   zaudēju pacietību un uzkliedzu, cik man bija spēka: “klusumu!” — I lost patience and shouted, as loud as I could: “quiet!”

   mūsu dienās cilvēki zaudējuši prasmi rakstīt vēstules ― in our days, people have lost their ability to write letters

7. to lose (to no longer have a certain appearance or quality)

   mati zaudējuši spīdumu ― the hair has lost (its) luster

   piens zaudējis labo garšu ― the milk has lost (its) good flavor

   nauda zaudējusi savu vērtību ― the money has lost its value

8. to lose (to have one's speed, altitude, size, etc. decrease)

   lidmašīna strauji zaudēja augstumu ― the airplane quickly lost altitude

   kājas dzērājam bija zaudējušas parasto ritmu ― the drunkard's legs had lost their normal rhythm

9. to lose (to not obtain, to not get, something that could have been obtained, gotten; to spend something pointlessly)

   zaudēt laiku ― to lose time

   mēs zaudējām divas diennaktis ― we lost two whole days

   vai jums bija zināms, ka ar šo parmaiņu jūs mēnesī zaudējat ap trīsdesmit rubļu? ― did you know that with this change you lose about three hundred rubles every month?

10. (intransitive or transitive) to lose (to be beaten, defeated)

    zaudēt karā ― to lose in war

    zaudēt tiesā ― to lose in court

    zaudēt karu, kauju, cīņu ― to lose the war, the battle, the fight

    zaudēt derības ― to lose a bet

    spēlējām kaut kā bez iedvesmas un parasti zaudējām ― we played somewhat without inspiration and usually lost

    rīdzinieki nespēja trāpīgi izpildīt soda metienu un zaudēja ar 4:5 ― the Riga (team) could not successfully carry out a penalty shot and lost by 4:5

    sportā daži uzvar un daži zaudē, un pats svārīgākais ir gan triumfu, gan neveiksmi uzņemt ar vienādu vīrišķību ― in sports some win and some lose, and even the most important (players) have to take both triumph and defeat with some manliness

prefixed verbs:

• nozaudēt
• pazaudēt

other derived terms:

• zaudējums