zemër

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See also: zëmër

Albanian

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Alternative forms

Etymology

Uncertain. The -b- is most likely epenthetic to avoid the -mr- cluster. Theories that have put forward are:

  1. Akin to Arbëresh zë (“soul”).[1] Compare Romanian inimă (“heart”),[2] from Latin anima (“soul”), which is the only other Indo-European language to have supplanted the original Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr ~ *ḱr̥dés. The morphemes involved and the ultimate etymology are not clear. Some proposals have been put forward:
    1. From the verb zë／zâ (“to seize”),[1] although this has been doubted.[3]
    2. Has been compared with Ancient Greek εὐθηνέω (euthēnéō, “to thrive, bloom”),[4] itself of unclear origin.[5]
  2. Linked with Proto-Germanic *gamaną (“companion; fun”) to a tentative root Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰem- (“to move violently”),[6] although this is very dubious.[7]
  3. A connection with Ancient Greek ῑ̔́μερος (hī́meros, “yearning, love”)[8] is phonetically unlikely.

Similarity with Ottoman Turkish ضمیر (zamir, “interior part; heart”) is coincidental.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

zemër f (plural zemra, definite zemra, definite plural zemrat)

  1. heart (organ)
  2. (figurative) heart (feelings and emotions)
    plagët e zemrës ― wounds to the heart
    mik zemre ― soul mate
    • 1685, Pjetër Bogdani, Cuneus Prophetarum. Pars Prima, III.I.25, page 92:
      gni Derrassè mbaj, urξeninè me dasciunè Tènèɛonè, me giξξè mend, me giξξè ɛemerè, e me giξξè scpijrt, e me giξξè fuchij
      [nji dërrasë mbaj urdhëninë me dashunë Tënëzonë me gjithë mend, me gjithë zemërë, e me gjithë shpīrt, e me gjithë fuqī]
      a tablet contained the orther to love God with all the mind, with all the heart, and with all the spirit, and with all the strength
  3. (figurative) guts, courage
    Synonym: guxim
    me zemër të fort ― with great courage
  4. heart, core, inside (of something)
    Synonym: mes
  5. middle (of time)
    Synonym: mes
    në zemër të natës ― at dead of night
  6. (figurative) driving force, essence, soul
    Synonym: shpirt
  7. (regional) belly, stomach
    Synonym: lugth

Declension

Declension of zemër
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative zemër zemra zemra zemrat
accusative zemrën
dative zemre zemrës zemrave zemrave
ablative zemrash

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Meyer, G. (1891) “1) zɛ̄”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 483
  2. ^ Huld, Martin E. (1986) “Accentual Stratification of Ancient Greek Loanwords in Albanian”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung, volume 99, number 2, →JSTOR, page 132f.
  3. ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “2. zë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 426
  4. ^ Jokl, Norbert (1937) “Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der alb. Vertretung der idg. Labiovelare”, in Mélanges linguistiques offerts a M. Holger Pedersen à l’occasion de son soixante-dixième anniversaire, page 128
  5. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εὐθηνέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 478f.
  6. ^ Wiedemann, Oskar (1902) “Etymologien”, in Beiträge zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen, volume 27, page 202
  7. ^ Tagliavini, Carlo (1937) “zẹ́mbr”, in L'albanese di Dalmazia. (in Italian), Florence: Leo S. Olschki, page 293
  8. ^ Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “ζέμε̯ρε̯”, in Λεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης (in Greek), Athens, page 120

Further reading

  • “zém/ër,~ra”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe‎ (in Albanian), 1980, page 2223ff.
  • Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zemër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 520f.
  • Mann, S. E. (1948) “zêmër”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 577f.
  • Jungg, G. (1895) “ɛêmer”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct, page 149b
  • Rossi, F. (1875) “ɛèmer”, in Vocabolario della lingua epirotica–italiana (in Italian), page 1385f.
  • Bardhi, Frang (1635) Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian), page 15: “cor — ɛemera”
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