zils
From Proto-Baltic *žilas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”), the same stem as zelts (“gold”) (q.v.) and several color terms (compare dzeltens (“yellow”), zaļš (“green”). This word must have been formed relatively late, after the differentiation of Baltic and Slavic, since, unlike “yellow” and “green,” it has no counterparts among the Slavic terms for “blue.” Cognates include Lithuanian žìlas (“gray, silvery-white”).[1]
zils (definite zilais, comparative zilāks, superlative viszilākais, adverb zili)
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | zils | zili | zila | zilas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | zilu | zilus | zilu | zilas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | zila | zilu | zilas | zilu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | zilam | ziliem | zilai | zilām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | zilu | ziliem | zilu | zilām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | zilā | zilos | zilā | zilās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
balts | pelēks | melns |
sarkans, sārts | oranžs; brūns | dzeltens |
zaļš | ||
zilzaļš, ciāns | zils | |
violets; zilganviolets, indigo | fuksīns; violets | rozā |