zindua

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Swahili

FWOTD – 3 February 2021

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ziˈⁿdu.ɑ/
  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-zindua (infinitive kuzindua)

  1. Conversive form of -zinda:
    1. to launch, to inaugurate
      • 2013, Nyayo Za Obama: Ni Rajua Za Ujasiri, page 202:
        Mnamo mwaka 1945, Marekani pamoja na nchi rafiki zilizindua Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa (IMF) […]
        In the year 1945, the United States, together with friendly nations, launched the International Monetary Fund (IMF) […]
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    2. to awaken, arouse
    3. to disenchant

Conjugation

Conjugation of -zindua
Positive present -nazindua
Subjunctive -zindue
Negative -zindui
Imperative singular zindua
Infinitives
Positive kuzindua
Negative kutozindua
Imperatives
Singular zindua
Plural zindueni
Tensed forms
Habitual huzindua
Positive past positive subject concord + -lizindua
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuzindua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nazindua)
Singular Plural
1st person ninazindua/nazindua tunazindua
2nd person unazindua mnazindua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anazindua wanazindua
other classes positive subject concord + -nazindua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -zindui)
Singular Plural
1st person sizindui hatuzindui
2nd person huzindui hamzindui
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hazindui hawazindui
other classes negative subject concord + -zindui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tazindua
Negative future negative subject concord + -tazindua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -zindue)
Singular Plural
1st person nizindue tuzindue
2nd person uzindue mzindue
3rd person m-wa(I/II) azindue wazindue
other classes positive subject concord + -zindue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sizindue
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngezindua
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singezindua
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalizindua
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalizindua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -azindua)
Singular Plural
1st person nazindua twazindua
2nd person wazindua mwazindua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) azindua wazindua
m-mi(III/IV) wazindua yazindua
ji-ma(V/VI) lazindua yazindua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chazindua vyazindua
n(IX/X) yazindua zazindua
u(XI) wazindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwazindua
pa(XVI) pazindua
mu(XVIII) mwazindua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mezindua
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshazindua
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jazindua
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kizindua
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipozindua
Consecutive kazindua / positive subject concord + -kazindua
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kazindue
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nizindua -tuzindua
2nd person -kuzindua -wazindua/-kuzindueni/-wazindueni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mzindua -wazindua
m-mi(III/IV) -uzindua -izindua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lizindua -yazindua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kizindua -vizindua
n(IX/X) -izindua -zizindua
u(XI) -uzindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuzindua
pa(XVI) -pazindua
mu(XVIII) -muzindua
Reflexive -jizindua
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -zindua- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -zinduaye -zinduao
m-mi(III/IV) -zinduao -zinduayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -zindualo -zinduayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -zinduacho -zinduavyo
n(IX/X) -zinduayo -zinduazo
u(XI) -zinduao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -zinduako
pa(XVI) -zinduapo
mu(XVIII) -zinduamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -zindua)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yezindua -ozindua
m-mi(III/IV) -ozindua -yozindua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lozindua -yozindua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chozindua -vyozindua
n(IX/X) -yozindua -zozindua
u(XI) -ozindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kozindua
pa(XVI) -pozindua
mu(XVIII) -mozindua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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