znany

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Old Polish

Etymology

From znać +‎ -ny. First attested in the end of the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /znanɨ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /znanɨ/

Adjective

znany

  1. familiar, understood
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎, Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 87, 8:
      Daleco vczinil ies znane moie (notos meos) ote mne
      [Daleko uczynił jeś znane moje (notos meos) ote mnie]

Descendants

  • Polish: znany
  • Silesian: znany

References

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish znany. By surface analysis, znać +‎ -any. Compare Kashubian znóny or Serbo-Croatian znȃn／зна̑н.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈzna.nɨ/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈzna.nɨ/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -anɨ
  • Syllabification: zna‧ny

Adjective

znany (comparative bardziej znany, superlative najbardziej znany, no derived adverb)

  1. famous, well-known (standing out somehow, being distinguished)
  2. famous, well-known (that which many people know about)
    Synonym: nieznany

Participle

znany (passive adjectival)

  1. passive adjectival participle of znać

Declension

Declension of znany (hard)
singular plural
masculine animate masculine inanimate feminine neuter virile (= masculine personal) non-virile
nominative znany znana znane znani znane
genitive znanego znanej znanego znanych
dative znanemu znanej znanemu znanym
accusative znanego znany znaną znane znanych znane
instrumental znanym znaną znanym znanymi
locative znanym znanej znanym znanych

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), znany is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 58 times in scientific texts, 32 times in news, 27 times in essays, 12 times in fiction, and 13 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 142 times, making it the 422nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “znany”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 782

Further reading

  • znany in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • znany in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “znany”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “znany”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “znany”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 581
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