ztvrdnout

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Czech

Etymology

From z- +‎ tvrdnout.

Pronunciation

Verb

ztvrdnout pf (imperfective tvrdnout)

  1. (intransitive) to stiffen, to harden
    Pečivo po několika dnech ztvrdne. ― The pastries will stiffen after some days.

Conjugation

Conjugation
Infinitive ztvrdnout, ztvrdnouti Active adjective ztvrdnuvší
Verbal noun ztvrdnutí Passive adjective ztvrdnutý
Present forms indicative imperative
singular plural singular plural
1st person ztvrdnu ztvrdneme — ztvrdněme
2nd person ztvrdneš ztvrdnete ztvrdni ztvrdněte
3rd person ztvrdne ztvrdnou — —
The verb ztvrdnout does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
Participles Past participles Passive participles
singular plural singular plural
masculine animate ztvrdl, ztvrdnul ztvrdli, ztvrdnuli ztvrdnut ztvrdnuti
masculine inanimate ztvrdly, ztvrdnuly ztvrdnuty
feminine ztvrdla, ztvrdnula ztvrdnuta
neuter ztvrdlo, ztvrdnulo ztvrdla, ztvrdnula ztvrdnuto ztvrdnuta
Transgressives present past
masculine singular — ztvrdnuv
feminine + neuter singular — ztvrdnuvši
plural — ztvrdnuvše

Further reading

  • “ztvrdnouti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “ztvrdnouti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “ztvrdnout”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
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