zullen

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch solen, suelen, sollen, sullen, from Old Dutch *sulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną. Compare German sollen, English shall, Danish skulle.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈzʏ.lə(n)/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: zul‧len
  • Rhymes: -ʏlən

Verb

zullen

  1. (auxiliary, present tense) used to form the future tense of a verb, together with an infinitive; will, going to
    Ik zal zingen.
    I shall sing.
    Het zal toch niet werken.
    It will not work anyway.
    Dat zal niet gebeuren.
    That will not happen.
  2. (auxiliary, past tense) used to form the conditional mood of a verb, together with an infinitive; would
    Het werk zou nu af zijn geweest als jij je niet had verslapen.
    The work would have been finished now if you hadn't overslept.
    Dat zou ik niet doen als ik jou was.
    I would not do that if I were you.
  3. (modal auxiliary) used to indicate intent or disposition to perform an action in the future: will, shall, be going to, may, might
    Het zou vandaag regenen.
    It was going to rain today.
    Zal ik eerst gaan?
    Shall I go first?

Usage notes

  • In the second-person singular, the forms je / u zult and je / u zal are both entirely correct, but the latter is considered more informal in the Netherlands; especially u zal is rarely seen in writing. In Belgium both sets of forms are used interchangeably.[1][2][3] Historically, u (U. E. in obsolete usage) was a third-person pronoun and very often took zal (or sal), although second-person forms of zullen are often attested early as well.
  • Like most Germanic languages, Dutch prefers to use the present tense when the context already expresses the future: Volgende week koop ik een nieuwe auto. (Next week I buy a new car.) The future tense is used chiefly when needed for comprehension. Using it in sentences such as the aforementioned is grammatical, but may sound clumsy especially when repeated in consecutive sentences.

Conjugation

Conjugation of zullen (preterite-present)
infinitive zullen
past singular zou
past participle
infinitive zullen
gerund zullen n
present tense past tense
1st person singular zal zou
2nd person sing. (jij) zult, zal, zul2 zou
2nd person sing. (u) zult, zal zou
2nd person sing. (gij) zult zoudt
3rd person singular zal zou
plural zullen zouden
subjunctive sing.1 zulle zoude
subjunctive plur.1 zullen zouden
imperative sing. zal
imperative plur.1 zult
participles zullend
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: sal
  • Jersey Dutch: zal
  • Negerhollands: sa, sal
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: sa

References