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Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-zungeza?
- (intransitive) to go in a circle
- (transitive) to encircle
- (transitive) to enclose, to surround
Inflection
Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukuzungeza
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuzungeza
|
ukungazungezi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
zungeza
|
-zungeze
|
Plural
|
zungezani
|
-zungezeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyazungeza, ngizungeza
|
engizungezayo, engizungeza
|
ngizungeza
|
angizungezi
|
engingazungezi
|
ngingazungezi
|
2nd singular
|
uyazungeza, uzungeza
|
ozungezayo, ozungeza
|
uzungeza
|
awuzungezi
|
ongazungezi
|
ungazungezi
|
1st plural
|
siyazungeza, sizungeza
|
esizungezayo, esizungeza
|
sizungeza
|
asizungezi
|
esingazungezi
|
singazungezi
|
2nd plural
|
niyazungeza, nizungeza
|
enizungezayo, enizungeza
|
nizungeza
|
anizungezi
|
eningazungezi
|
ningazungezi
|
Class 1
|
uyazungeza, uzungeza
|
ozungezayo, ozungeza
|
ezungeza
|
akazungezi
|
ongazungezi
|
engazungezi
|
Class 2
|
bayazungeza, bazungeza
|
abazungezayo, abazungeza
|
bezungeza
|
abazungezi
|
abangazungezi
|
bengazungezi
|
Class 3
|
uyazungeza, uzungeza
|
ozungezayo, ozungeza
|
uzungeza
|
awuzungezi
|
ongazungezi
|
ungazungezi
|
Class 4
|
iyazungeza, izungeza
|
ezungezayo, ezungeza
|
izungeza
|
ayizungezi
|
engazungezi
|
ingazungezi
|
Class 5
|
liyazungeza, lizungeza
|
elizungezayo, elizungeza
|
lizungeza
|
alizungezi
|
elingazungezi
|
lingazungezi
|
Class 6
|
ayazungeza, azungeza
|
azungezayo, azungeza
|
ezungeza
|
awazungezi
|
angazungezi
|
engazungezi
|
Class 7
|
siyazungeza, sizungeza
|
esizungezayo, esizungeza
|
sizungeza
|
asizungezi
|
esingazungezi
|
singazungezi
|
Class 8
|
ziyazungeza, zizungeza
|
ezizungezayo, ezizungeza
|
zizungeza
|
azizungezi
|
ezingazungezi
|
zingazungezi
|
Class 9
|
iyazungeza, izungeza
|
ezungezayo, ezungeza
|
izungeza
|
ayizungezi
|
engazungezi
|
ingazungezi
|
Class 10
|
ziyazungeza, zizungeza
|
ezizungezayo, ezizungeza
|
zizungeza
|
azizungezi
|
ezingazungezi
|
zingazungezi
|
Class 11
|
luyazungeza, luzungeza
|
oluzungezayo, oluzungeza
|
luzungeza
|
aluzungezi
|
olungazungezi
|
lungazungezi
|
Class 14
|
buyazungeza, buzungeza
|
obuzungezayo, obuzungeza
|
buzungeza
|
abuzungezi
|
obungazungezi
|
bungazungezi
|
Class 15
|
kuyazungeza, kuzungeza
|
okuzungezayo, okuzungeza
|
kuzungeza
|
akuzungezi
|
okungazungezi
|
kungazungezi
|
Class 17
|
kuyazungeza, kuzungeza
|
okuzungezayo, okuzungeza
|
kuzungeza
|
akuzungezi
|
okungazungezi
|
kungazungezi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizungezile, ngizungezē
|
engizungezile, engizungezē
|
ngizungezile, ngizungezē
|
angizungezanga
|
engingazungezanga
|
ngingazungezanga
|
2nd singular
|
uzungezile, uzungezē
|
ozungezile, ozungezē
|
uzungezile, uzungezē
|
awuzungezanga
|
ongazungezanga
|
ungazungezanga
|
1st plural
|
sizungezile, sizungezē
|
esizungezile, esizungezē
|
sizungezile, sizungezē
|
asizungezanga
|
esingazungezanga
|
singazungezanga
|
2nd plural
|
nizungezile, nizungezē
|
enizungezile, enizungezē
|
nizungezile, nizungezē
|
anizungezanga
|
eningazungezanga
|
ningazungezanga
|
Class 1
|
uzungezile, uzungezē
|
ozungezile, ozungezē
|
ezungezile, ezungezē
|
akazungezanga
|
ongazungezanga
|
engazungezanga
|
Class 2
|
bazungezile, bazungezē
|
abazungezile, abazungezē
|
bezungezile, bezungezē
|
abazungezanga
|
abangazungezanga
|
bengazungezanga
|
Class 3
|
uzungezile, uzungezē
|
ozungezile, ozungezē
|
uzungezile, uzungezē
|
awuzungezanga
|
ongazungezanga
|
ungazungezanga
|
Class 4
|
izungezile, izungezē
|
ezungezile, ezungezē
|
izungezile, izungezē
|
ayizungezanga
|
engazungezanga
|
ingazungezanga
|
Class 5
|
lizungezile, lizungezē
|
elizungezile, elizungezē
|
lizungezile, lizungezē
|
alizungezanga
|
elingazungezanga
|
lingazungezanga
|
Class 6
|
azungezile, azungezē
|
azungezile, azungezē
|
ezungezile, ezungezē
|
awazungezanga
|
angazungezanga
|
engazungezanga
|
Class 7
|
sizungezile, sizungezē
|
esizungezile, esizungezē
|
sizungezile, sizungezē
|
asizungezanga
|
esingazungezanga
|
singazungezanga
|
Class 8
|
zizungezile, zizungezē
|
ezizungezile, ezizungezē
|
zizungezile, zizungezē
|
azizungezanga
|
ezingazungezanga
|
zingazungezanga
|
Class 9
|
izungezile, izungezē
|
ezungezile, ezungezē
|
izungezile, izungezē
|
ayizungezanga
|
engazungezanga
|
ingazungezanga
|
Class 10
|
zizungezile, zizungezē
|
ezizungezile, ezizungezē
|
zizungezile, zizungezē
|
azizungezanga
|
ezingazungezanga
|
zingazungezanga
|
Class 11
|
luzungezile, luzungezē
|
oluzungezile, oluzungezē
|
luzungezile, luzungezē
|
aluzungezanga
|
olungazungezanga
|
lungazungezanga
|
Class 14
|
buzungezile, buzungezē
|
obuzungezile, obuzungezē
|
buzungezile, buzungezē
|
abuzungezanga
|
obungazungezanga
|
bungazungezanga
|
Class 15
|
kuzungezile, kuzungezē
|
okuzungezile, okuzungezē
|
kuzungezile, kuzungezē
|
akuzungezanga
|
okungazungezanga
|
kungazungezanga
|
Class 17
|
kuzungezile, kuzungezē
|
okuzungezile, okuzungezē
|
kuzungezile, kuzungezē
|
akuzungezanga
|
okungazungezanga
|
kungazungezanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāzungeza
|
engāzungeza
|
ngāzungeza
|
angizungezanga
|
engingazungezanga
|
ngingazungezanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāzungeza
|
owāzungeza
|
wāzungeza
|
awuzungezanga
|
ongazungezanga
|
ungazungezanga
|
1st plural
|
sāzungeza
|
esāzungeza
|
sāzungeza
|
asizungezanga
|
esingazungezanga
|
singazungezanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāzungeza
|
enāzungeza
|
nāzungeza
|
anizungezanga
|
eningazungezanga
|
ningazungezanga
|
Class 1
|
wāzungeza
|
owāzungeza
|
āzungeza
|
akazungezanga
|
ongazungezanga
|
engazungezanga
|
Class 2
|
bāzungeza
|
abāzungeza
|
bāzungeza
|
abazungezanga
|
abangazungezanga
|
bengazungezanga
|
Class 3
|
wāzungeza
|
owāzungeza
|
wāzungeza
|
awuzungezanga
|
ongazungezanga
|
ungazungezanga
|
Class 4
|
yāzungeza
|
eyāzungeza
|
yāzungeza
|
ayizungezanga
|
engazungezanga
|
ingazungezanga
|
Class 5
|
lāzungeza
|
elāzungeza
|
lāzungeza
|
alizungezanga
|
elingazungezanga
|
lingazungezanga
|
Class 6
|
āzungeza
|
āzungeza
|
āzungeza
|
awazungezanga
|
angazungezanga
|
engazungezanga
|
Class 7
|
sāzungeza
|
esāzungeza
|
sāzungeza
|
asizungezanga
|
esingazungezanga
|
singazungezanga
|
Class 8
|
zāzungeza
|
ezāzungeza
|
zāzungeza
|
azizungezanga
|
ezingazungezanga
|
zingazungezanga
|
Class 9
|
yāzungeza
|
eyāzungeza
|
yāzungeza
|
ayizungezanga
|
engazungezanga
|
ingazungezanga
|
Class 10
|
zāzungeza
|
ezāzungeza
|
zāzungeza
|
azizungezanga
|
ezingazungezanga
|
zingazungezanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāzungeza
|
olwāzungeza
|
lwāzungeza
|
aluzungezanga
|
olungazungezanga
|
lungazungezanga
|
Class 14
|
bāzungeza
|
obāzungeza
|
bāzungeza
|
abuzungezanga
|
obungazungezanga
|
bungazungezanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāzungeza
|
okwāzungeza
|
kwāzungeza
|
akuzungezanga
|
okungazungezanga
|
kungazungezanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāzungeza
|
okwāzungeza
|
kwāzungeza
|
akuzungezanga
|
okungazungezanga
|
kungazungezanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingazungeza
|
—
|
ngingazungeza
|
ngingezungeze
|
—
|
ngingezungeze
|
2nd singular
|
ungazungeza
|
—
|
ungazungeza
|
ungezungeze
|
—
|
ungezungeze
|
1st plural
|
singazungeza
|
—
|
singazungeza
|
singezungeze
|
—
|
singezungeze
|
2nd plural
|
ningazungeza
|
—
|
ningazungeza
|
ningezungeze
|
—
|
ningezungeze
|
Class 1
|
angazungeza
|
—
|
engazungeza
|
angezungeze
|
—
|
engezungeze
|
Class 2
|
bangazungeza
|
—
|
bengazungeza
|
bangezungeze
|
—
|
bengezungeze
|
Class 3
|
ungazungeza
|
—
|
ungazungeza
|
ungezungeze
|
—
|
ungezungeze
|
Class 4
|
ingazungeza
|
—
|
ingazungeza
|
ingezungeze
|
—
|
ingezungeze
|
Class 5
|
lingazungeza
|
—
|
lingazungeza
|
lingezungeze
|
—
|
lingezungeze
|
Class 6
|
angazungeza
|
—
|
engazungeza
|
angezungeze
|
—
|
engezungeze
|
Class 7
|
singazungeza
|
—
|
singazungeza
|
singezungeze
|
—
|
singezungeze
|
Class 8
|
zingazungeza
|
—
|
zingazungeza
|
zingezungeze
|
—
|
zingezungeze
|
Class 9
|
ingazungeza
|
—
|
ingazungeza
|
ingezungeze
|
—
|
ingezungeze
|
Class 10
|
zingazungeza
|
—
|
zingazungeza
|
zingezungeze
|
—
|
zingezungeze
|
Class 11
|
lungazungeza
|
—
|
lungazungeza
|
lungezungeze
|
—
|
lungezungeze
|
Class 14
|
bungazungeza
|
—
|
bungazungeza
|
bungezungeze
|
—
|
bungezungeze
|
Class 15
|
kungazungeza
|
—
|
kungazungeza
|
kungezungeze
|
—
|
kungezungeze
|
Class 17
|
kungazungeza
|
—
|
kungazungeza
|
kungezungeze
|
—
|
kungezungeze
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizozungeza
|
engizozungeza
|
ngizozungeza
|
angizuzungeza
|
engingezuzungeza
|
ngingezuzungeza
|
2nd singular
|
uzozungeza
|
ozozungeza
|
uzozungeza
|
awuzuzungeza
|
ongezuzungeza
|
ungezuzungeza
|
1st plural
|
sizozungeza
|
esizozungeza
|
sizozungeza
|
asizuzungeza
|
esingezuzungeza
|
singezuzungeza
|
2nd plural
|
nizozungeza
|
enizozungeza
|
nizozungeza
|
anizuzungeza
|
eningezuzungeza
|
ningezuzungeza
|
Class 1
|
uzozungeza
|
ozozungeza
|
ezozungeza
|
akazuzungeza
|
ongezuzungeza
|
engezuzungeza
|
Class 2
|
bazozungeza
|
abazozungeza
|
bezozungeza
|
abazuzungeza
|
abangezuzungeza
|
bengezuzungeza
|
Class 3
|
uzozungeza
|
ozozungeza
|
uzozungeza
|
awuzuzungeza
|
ongezuzungeza
|
ungezuzungeza
|
Class 4
|
izozungeza
|
ezozungeza
|
izozungeza
|
ayizuzungeza
|
engezuzungeza
|
ingezuzungeza
|
Class 5
|
lizozungeza
|
elizozungeza
|
lizozungeza
|
alizuzungeza
|
elingezuzungeza
|
lingezuzungeza
|
Class 6
|
azozungeza
|
azozungeza
|
ezozungeza
|
awazuzungeza
|
angezuzungeza
|
engezuzungeza
|
Class 7
|
sizozungeza
|
esizozungeza
|
sizozungeza
|
asizuzungeza
|
esingezuzungeza
|
singezuzungeza
|
Class 8
|
zizozungeza
|
ezizozungeza
|
zizozungeza
|
azizuzungeza
|
ezingezuzungeza
|
zingezuzungeza
|
Class 9
|
izozungeza
|
ezozungeza
|
izozungeza
|
ayizuzungeza
|
engezuzungeza
|
ingezuzungeza
|
Class 10
|
zizozungeza
|
ezizozungeza
|
zizozungeza
|
azizuzungeza
|
ezingezuzungeza
|
zingezuzungeza
|
Class 11
|
luzozungeza
|
oluzozungeza
|
luzozungeza
|
aluzuzungeza
|
olungezuzungeza
|
lungezuzungeza
|
Class 14
|
buzozungeza
|
obuzozungeza
|
buzozungeza
|
abuzuzungeza
|
obungezuzungeza
|
bungezuzungeza
|
Class 15
|
kuzozungeza
|
okuzozungeza
|
kuzozungeza
|
akuzuzungeza
|
okungezuzungeza
|
kungezuzungeza
|
Class 17
|
kuzozungeza
|
okuzozungeza
|
kuzozungeza
|
akuzuzungeza
|
okungezuzungeza
|
kungezuzungeza
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyozungeza
|
engiyozungeza
|
ngiyozungeza
|
angiyuzungeza
|
engingeyuzungeza
|
ngingeyuzungeza
|
2nd singular
|
uyozungeza
|
oyozungeza
|
uyozungeza
|
awuyuzungeza
|
ongeyuzungeza
|
ungeyuzungeza
|
1st plural
|
siyozungeza
|
esiyozungeza
|
siyozungeza
|
asiyuzungeza
|
esingeyuzungeza
|
singeyuzungeza
|
2nd plural
|
niyozungeza
|
eniyozungeza
|
niyozungeza
|
aniyuzungeza
|
eningeyuzungeza
|
ningeyuzungeza
|
Class 1
|
uyozungeza
|
oyozungeza
|
eyozungeza
|
akayuzungeza
|
ongeyuzungeza
|
engeyuzungeza
|
Class 2
|
bayozungeza
|
abayozungeza
|
beyozungeza
|
abayuzungeza
|
abangeyuzungeza
|
bengeyuzungeza
|
Class 3
|
uyozungeza
|
oyozungeza
|
uyozungeza
|
awuyuzungeza
|
ongeyuzungeza
|
ungeyuzungeza
|
Class 4
|
iyozungeza
|
eyozungeza
|
iyozungeza
|
ayiyuzungeza
|
engeyuzungeza
|
ingeyuzungeza
|
Class 5
|
liyozungeza
|
eliyozungeza
|
liyozungeza
|
aliyuzungeza
|
elingeyuzungeza
|
lingeyuzungeza
|
Class 6
|
ayozungeza
|
ayozungeza
|
eyozungeza
|
awayuzungeza
|
angeyuzungeza
|
engeyuzungeza
|
Class 7
|
siyozungeza
|
esiyozungeza
|
siyozungeza
|
asiyuzungeza
|
esingeyuzungeza
|
singeyuzungeza
|
Class 8
|
ziyozungeza
|
eziyozungeza
|
ziyozungeza
|
aziyuzungeza
|
ezingeyuzungeza
|
zingeyuzungeza
|
Class 9
|
iyozungeza
|
eyozungeza
|
iyozungeza
|
ayiyuzungeza
|
engeyuzungeza
|
ingeyuzungeza
|
Class 10
|
ziyozungeza
|
eziyozungeza
|
ziyozungeza
|
aziyuzungeza
|
ezingeyuzungeza
|
zingeyuzungeza
|
Class 11
|
luyozungeza
|
oluyozungeza
|
luyozungeza
|
aluyuzungeza
|
olungeyuzungeza
|
lungeyuzungeza
|
Class 14
|
buyozungeza
|
obuyozungeza
|
buyozungeza
|
abuyuzungeza
|
obungeyuzungeza
|
bungeyuzungeza
|
Class 15
|
kuyozungeza
|
okuyozungeza
|
kuyozungeza
|
akuyuzungeza
|
okungeyuzungeza
|
kungeyuzungeza
|
Class 17
|
kuyozungeza
|
okuyozungeza
|
kuyozungeza
|
akuyuzungeza
|
okungeyuzungeza
|
kungeyuzungeza
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngizungeze
|
ngingazungezi
|
2nd singular
|
uzungeze
|
ungazungezi
|
1st plural
|
sizungeze
|
singazungezi
|
2nd plural
|
nizungeze
|
ningazungezi
|
Class 1
|
azungeze
|
angazungezi
|
Class 2
|
bazungeze
|
bangazungezi
|
Class 3
|
uzungeze
|
ungazungezi
|
Class 4
|
izungeze
|
ingazungezi
|
Class 5
|
lizungeze
|
lingazungezi
|
Class 6
|
azungeze
|
angazungezi
|
Class 7
|
sizungeze
|
singazungezi
|
Class 8
|
zizungeze
|
zingazungezi
|
Class 9
|
izungeze
|
ingazungezi
|
Class 10
|
zizungeze
|
zingazungezi
|
Class 11
|
luzungeze
|
lungazungezi
|
Class 14
|
buzungeze
|
bungazungezi
|
Class 15
|
kuzungeze
|
kungazungezi
|
Class 17
|
kuzungeze
|
kungazungezi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngazungeza
|
ngangazungeza, angazungeza, angangazungeza
|
2nd singular
|
wazungeza
|
wangazungeza, awazungeza, awangazungeza
|
1st plural
|
sazungeza
|
sangazungeza, asazungeza, asangazungeza
|
2nd plural
|
nazungeza
|
nangazungeza, anazungeza, anangazungeza
|
Class 1
|
wazungeza
|
wangazungeza, akazungeza, akangazungeza
|
Class 2
|
bazungeza
|
bangazungeza, abazungeza, abangazungeza
|
Class 3
|
wazungeza
|
wangazungeza, awazungeza, awangazungeza
|
Class 4
|
yazungeza
|
yangazungeza, ayazungeza, ayangazungeza
|
Class 5
|
lazungeza
|
langazungeza, alazungeza, alangazungeza
|
Class 6
|
azungeza
|
angazungeza, awazungeza, awangazungeza
|
Class 7
|
sazungeza
|
sangazungeza, asazungeza, asangazungeza
|
Class 8
|
zazungeza
|
zangazungeza, azazungeza, azangazungeza
|
Class 9
|
yazungeza
|
yangazungeza, ayazungeza, ayangazungeza
|
Class 10
|
zazungeza
|
zangazungeza, azazungeza, azangazungeza
|
Class 11
|
lwazungeza
|
lwangazungeza, alwazungeza, alwangazungeza
|
Class 14
|
bazungeza
|
bangazungeza, abazungeza, abangazungeza
|
Class 15
|
kwazungeza
|
kwangazungeza, akwazungeza, akwangazungeza
|
Class 17
|
kwazungeza
|
kwangazungeza, akwazungeza, akwangazungeza
|
Derived terms
References