zwr

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See also: ZWR

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

Verb

z
wr
r		 A2

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to drink (something liquid: water, beer, wine, etc.)
  2. (intransitive) to drink in general (+ m: to drink of (a drink), to drink from (a container or hand); + ḥr: to drink of (a body of water))
  3. (intransitive) to drink alcoholic drinks
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9:
      irswrriA2kHn
      a      		 t
      x      		 wW22A1O43pa
      k      		 iwibZ1fHtp
      t      		 pwY1
      jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.w
      If you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.
  4. (intransitive) to take liquid medicine
  5. (transitive) to drink (a container), to consume the liquid contained in
  6. (transitive, figuratively, of the dead) to have (thirst) instead of something to drink, to ‘drink’ (thirst)
  7. (intransitive, of trees and land) to be watered

Inflection

Conjugation of zwr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zwr, geminated stem: zwrr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
zwr
 zwrw, zwr
 zwrt
 zwr
 zwr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
zwr
 ḥr zwr
 m zwr
 r zwr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect zwr.n
 zwrw, zwr
 consecutive zwr.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative zwrt
perfective3 zwr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 zwr.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective zwr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 zwr
 zwrr
 potentialis1 zwr.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive zwr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect zwr.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective zwr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 zwr
 zwr, zwrw5, zwry5
imperfective zwr, zwry, zwrw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 zwr, zwrj6, zwry6
 zwr, zwrw5
prospective zwr, zwrtj7
 — zwrtj4, zwrt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zwr from the Pyramid Texts  
z
wr
r		 W22
z
wr		 W22
z
wr
r
D118
z
wr
D118
z
wr
W76
zw
W76
z

W65
w
W76
z

W65
w
i
W76
zwr zwr zwr zwr zwr zw zw zwj
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zwr from later periods  
z
wr
r		 mw
z
wr
r		 A2
z
wr
r		 mwA2
swr
r		 iA2
z
wr
r		 imwA2
swr
r		 imwA2
sZ9
r		 imwA2
A115
A410
A2
zwr zwr zwr swrj zwrj swrj swrj zwr zwr zwr
in hieratic abbreviation abbreviation abbreviation

By the Middle Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting the phonetic weakening or loss of r at the end of a syllable.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Demotic: swr

Noun

z
wr
W76

 m

  1. drinking bowl
  2. drink, beverage

Inflection

Declension of zwr (masculine)
singular zwr
dual zwrwj
plural zwrw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zwr  
z
wr
r		 W22
swr
r		 imwA2
zwr swrj

Descendants

The following words have sometimes been proposed as descendants, but the probable loss of final r in this word by the time of the Middle Kingdom makes such derivations questionable:

References

  • “zwr (lemma ID 130360)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “zwr (lemma ID 130370)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 428.5–429.2
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 217
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 171.
  • Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 146
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