áll

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -aːlː

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *ola.[1][2] Compare Erzya уло (ulo, chin).

Noun

áll (plural állak)

  1. chin
Declension
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative áll állak
accusative állat állakat
dative állnak állaknak
instrumental állal állakkal
causal-final állért állakért
translative állá állakká
terminative állig állakig
essive-formal állként állakként
essive-modal
inessive állban állakban
superessive állon állakon
adessive állnál állaknál
illative állba állakba
sublative állra állakra
allative állhoz állakhoz
elative állból állakból
delative állról állakról
ablative álltól állaktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
állé állaké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
álléi állakéi
Possessive forms of áll
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. állam állaim
2nd person sing. állad állaid
3rd person sing. álla állai
1st person plural állunk állaink
2nd person plural állatok állaitok
3rd person plural álluk állaik
Derived terms
Compound words
Expressions

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *salkɜ- (to stand). [3][2]

Verb

áll

  1. (intransitive) to stand (to be in an upright position)
    Coordinate terms: ül, fekszik
    vigyázzban állto stand at attention
    A lovak állva alszanak.Horses sleep standing up.
    A ház egy dombon áll.The house stands on a hill.
  2. (intransitive, of plants) to stand; to exist
    A ház előtt egy fa áll.A tree stands in front of the house.
    A fa még mindig áll.The tree still exists.
  3. (intransitive, of mobile objects, slightly literary) to stand
    A könyvek a polcon állnak.The books stand on the bookshelf.
  4. (intransitive, said of clothes, hairstyle or other fashion items) to suit, become (to be suitable or apt for one's image, with -nak/-nek)
    Synonym: illik
    Ez a ruha jól áll neked.This dress suits you.
  5. (intransitive) to stop, halt, be down, be at a standstill (to cease moving or working)
    Antonyms: mozog, működik, üzemel
    Hyponym: szünetel
    A gyár még mindig áll.The factory is still at a standstill.
    A vonat csak egy pár percig áll itt.The train stops here only for a few minutes.
    Állj! – kiáltotta az őr."Halt!" called the guard.
  6. (intransitive) to say, read (to indicate in a written form, to consist of a certain text)
    Synonym: olvasható
    Mi áll a levélben?What does the letter say?
  7. (intransitive) to go, walk, step, get (to place oneself somewhere and stay there)
    a tükör elé állto step to the mirror
    a zuhany alá állto step under the shower
    talpra állto get to one's feet
    az ellenség mellé állto side with the enemy
  8. (intransitive, in phrases) to take up (a job), be enlisted, get employed (as someone: -nak/-nek)
    katonának állto join the army, to enter into military service
    munkába állto take up work, to start working
  9. (intransitive) to consist of, be composed of, comprise something (of something: -ból/-ből, always standing before the verb)
    Synonyms: összetevődik, tartalmaz
    A verseny két részből áll.The competition consists of two parts.
  10. (intransitive) to be expected, to be on course for something (victory, defeat, failure etc., in phrases with -ra/-re)
  11. (intransitive, slightly literary) to depend on someone or something (followed by -n/-on/-en/-ön)
    Synonyms: függ, múlik
  12. (transitive, often with potential -hat) to stand, withstand, endure, can take
    Synonyms: bír, kibír, kiáll, elvisel
  13. (transitive, in certain set phrases) to stand
    őrt állto stand/keep guard
    modellt állto model (to pose for a picture, an art class)
    sort állto stand in a queue
Conjugation

In archaic or literary style, the long forms (with a linking vowel) are (were) common in the past tense, as well as in the present-tense conditional (even if it is short otherwise):

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

References

  1. ^ Entry #673 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. 2.0 2.1 áll in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  3. ^ Entry #872 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Further reading

  • (to stand etc.): áll in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (chin): áll in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • áll in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse áll, from Proto-Germanic *ēlaz. The term is common Germanic, found in each Germanic dialect and absent outside. The presence of several words (awl, even ulna) with similar morphology and semantic would suggest an original meaning referring to the shape that was then ascribed to the fish.

Pronunciation

Noun

áll m (genitive singular áls, nominative plural álar)

  1. eel
  2. channel, groove (in a riverbed or sea bottom)
  3. a branch of a river that splits of and then usually falls back in or splits of at moderate distance from the sea

Declension

    Declension of áll
m-s1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative áll állinn álar álarnir
accusative ál álinn ála álana
dative áli / ál álinum / álnum álum álunum
genitive áls álsins ála álanna

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ēlaz, akin to Old English ǣl, Old High German āl.

Noun

áll m

  1. eel

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

  • Danish: ål
  • Faroese: állur
  • Icelandic: áll
  • Norwegian Bokmål: ål
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ål
  • Swedish: ål