From Proto-Finno-Ugric *säŋe. Cognates are limited to Baltic-Finnic (e.g. Finnish sää (“weather”)) and Komi-Permyak сынӧд (synöd, “warm air”).[1][2]
ég (countable and uncountable, plural egek)
Inflection of ég | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ég | egek |
accusative | eget | egeket |
dative | égnek | egeknek |
instrumental | éggel | egekkel |
causal-final | égért | egekért |
translative | éggé | egekké |
terminative | égig | egekig |
essive-formal | égként | egekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | égben | egekben |
superessive | égen (egen) |
egeken |
adessive | égnél | egeknél |
illative | égbe | egekbe |
sublative | égre | egekre |
allative | éghez | egekhez |
elative | égből | egekből |
delative | égről | egekről |
ablative | égtől | egektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
égé | egeké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
égéi | egekéi |
Possessive forms of ég | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | egem | egeim |
2nd person sing. | eged | egeid |
3rd person sing. | ege | egei |
1st person plural | egünk | egeink |
2nd person plural | egetek | egeitek |
3rd person plural | egük | egeik |
Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *äŋɜ- (“fire; to burn”).[3]
ég
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | égek | égsz | ég | égünk | égtek | égnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | égtem | égtél | égett | égtünk | égtetek | égtek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. égni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | égék | égél | ége | égénk | égétek | égének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ég vala, égett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | égendek | égendesz | égend | égendünk | égendetek | égendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | égnék | égnél | égne | égnénk | égnétek | égnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. égett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | égjek | égj or égjél |
égjen | égjünk | égjetek | égjenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. égett légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | égni | égnem | égned | égnie | égnünk | égnetek | égniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
égés | égő | égett | ― | égve (égvén) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | éghetek | éghetsz | éghet | éghetünk | éghettek | éghetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | éghettem | éghettél | éghetett | éghettünk | éghettetek | éghettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | égheték | éghetél | éghete | égheténk | éghetétek | éghetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. éghet vala, éghetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | éghetendek or égandhatok |
éghetendesz or égandhatsz |
éghetend or égandhat |
éghetendünk or égandhatunk |
éghetendetek or égandhattok |
éghetendenek or égandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | éghetnék | éghetnél | éghetne | éghetnénk | éghetnétek | éghetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. éghetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | éghessek | éghess or éghessél |
éghessen | éghessünk | éghessetek | éghessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. éghetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (éghetni) | (éghetnem) | (éghetned) | (éghetnie) | (éghetnünk) | (éghetnetek) | (éghetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (éghetve / éghetvén) | ||||
(With verbal prefixes):
The Icelandic pronoun continues Old Norse ek, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. The pronoun is attested, in Proto-Norse inscriptions, since at least the 3rd century.
ég
Icelandic personal pronouns | ||||||
singular | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter | |
nominative | ég, eg, ek† | þú | hann | hún, hon†, hón† | það, þat† | |
accusative | mig, mik† | þig, þik† | hann | hana | það, þat† | |
dative | mér | þér | honum, hánum† | henni | því | |
genitive | mín | þín | hans | hennar | þess | |
plural | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter | |
nominative | við | þið, þit† | þeir | þær | þau | |
accusative | okkur | ykkur | þá | þær | þau | |
dative | okkur | ykkur | þeim | þeim | þeim | |
genitive | okkar | ykkar | þeirra | þeirra | þeirra |