ísť

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ist"

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. Cognate with English exit, adit, and Latin eō (“to go”). Probably, the infinitive was reshaped after Proto-Slavic *sěsti (to sit).

Pronunciation

Verb

ísť impf (perfective dôjsť)

  1. to go
  2. to walk

Usage notes

  • When a prefix ending with a vowel is attached to ísť, the initial í- changes to j- and the final vowel often becomes long or diphthongised, e.g. in nejsť (the negative form), prejsť (“to cross”), zájsť (“to go”), dôjsť (“to arrive”), etc. If the prefix ends with -i, the initial vowel is completely assimilated: prísť (“to come”) (pri- + ísť).
  • The l-participle (used for forming the past and the conditional) has two completely interchangeable forms: 1) šiel, šla, šlo, šli or 2) išiel, išla, išlo, išli. Compounds of ísť use the shorter stem with the short form of the prefix (e.g., došiel < dôjsť (“to arrive”)).

Conjugation

Conjugation of ísť (irregular)
infinitive ísť
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
presentidem ideš ide ideme idete idú
past masculine išiel som,
šiel som		 išiel si,
šiel si		 išiel,
šiel		 išli sme,
šli sme		 išli ste,
šli ste		 išli,
šli
feminine išla som,
šla som		 išla si,
šla si		 išla,
šla
neuter išlo som,
šlo som		 išlo si,
šlo si		 išlo,
šlo
past perfect masculine bol som išiel,
bol som šiel		 bol si išiel,
bol si šiel		 bol išiel,
bol šiel		 boli sme išli,
boli sme šli		 boli ste išli,
boli ste šli		 boli išli,
boli šli
feminine bola som išla,
bola som šla		 bola si išla,
bola si šla		 bola išla,
bola šla
neuter bolo som išlo,
bolo som šlo		 bolo si išlo,
bolo si šlo		 bolo išlo,
bolo šlo
futurepôjdem pôjdeš pôjde pôjdeme pôjdete pôjdu
conditional singular plural
first second third first second third
present masculine išiel by som,
šiel by som		 išiel by si,
šiel by si		 išiel by,
šiel by		 išli by sme,
šli by sme		 išli by ste,
šli by ste		 išli by,
šli by
feminine išla by som,
šla by som		 išla by si,
šla by si		 išla by,
šla by
neuter išlo by som,
šlo by som		 išlo by si,
šlo by si		 išlo by,
šlo by
past masculine bol by som išiel,
bol by som šiel		 bol by si išiel,
bol by si šiel		 bol by išiel,
bol by šiel		 boli by sme išli,
boli by sme šli		 boli by ste išli,
boli by ste šli		 boli by išli,
boli by šli
feminine bola by som išla,
bola by som šla		 bola by si išla,
bola by si šla		 bola by išla,
bola by šla
neuter bolo by som išlo,
bolo by som šlo		 bolo by si išlo,
bolo by si šlo		 bolo by išlo,
bolo by šlo
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
present— iď — iďme iďte —
non-finite forms participles transgressive verbal noun
present active past active passive l-participle
idúci — idený išiel, išla, išlo, išli
šiel, šla, šlo, šli		 idúc idenie

Further reading

  • “ísť”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
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