þing

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See also: ying, thing, Thing, yíng, yìng, yīng, and yǐng

Icelandic

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Etymology

From Old Norse þing (“assembly, council, business”), in turn from Proto-Germanic *þingą.

Cognate with Faroese ting, Norwegian ting, Swedish ting, and Danish ting, English thing, Dutch ding, German Ding.

Pronunciation

Noun

þing n (genitive singular þings, nominative plural þing)

  1. assembly, meeting, council
  2. parliament

Declension

Declension of þing (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative þing þingið þing þingin
accusative þing þingið þing þingin
dative þingi þinginu þingum þingunum
genitive þings þingsins þinga þinganna

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ German cognate in Deutsches Wörterbuch

Old Danish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Norse þing, from Proto-Germanic *þingą.

Noun

þing n (genitive þings, plural þing)

  1. (Scania) assembly, council
    • c. 1210, "Uil bryti skilias", Scanian Law, chapter 231.
      þa fari brytin til tuiggia þinga
      then the bailiff must attend two assemblies

Declension

Declension of þing (Scanian system)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative þing þingit þing þingin
accusative þing þingit þing þingin
dative þingi þinginu þingum þingunum
genitive þings þingsins þinga þinganna
The declension is unstable and should be treated as a guide. The case system was gradually being simplified from four to two cases. Even some nominative markers were sporadically kept in the Scanian dialect, although they mostly were replaced with the accusative endings from Old Norse.

Descendants

  • Danish: ting
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ting

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þing, from Proto-Germanic *þingą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /θinɡ/, , /θinj/,
  • Hogg 2011 and Fulk 2014 give the pronunciation of the nom/acc singular as þinġ, with palatal ġ, based on the assumption that Proto-West Germanic word-final *-ing regularly yielded Old English -inġ. In contrast, Ringe 2014 is uncertain of this sound change and writes the nom/acc singular as þing.

Noun

þing, þinġ n

  1. thing
  2. matter, concern
  3. event, meeting, court
  4. case
    • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Clement the Martyr"
      Wén is þæt eower sum cweðe to him sylfum on stillum geðohtum, Hwæt forleton has gebroðru, Petrus and Andreas, þe for nean nán ðing næfdon? ac we sceolon on þisum ðinge heora gewilnunge swiðor āsmēaġan þonne heora gestreon.
      It is to be expected that one of you in his still thoughts say to himself, What did the brothers, Peter and Andrew, leave, who had almost nothing? but in this case we should rather consider their desire than their possession.
  5. reason
    • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Epiphany of the Lord"
      For ðisum þrym ðingum is ðes freols-dæg Godes swutelung gecweden."
      For these three reasons this festival is called the Manifestation of God."
  6. means
    • late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
      ...ac mē tōdæġ swā wundorlīce is ġelumpen þæt ic þurh nān þincg ne mæġ ġecnāwan hwæðer þys sȳ Ephesa byriġ þe elles ǣniġ ōþer;...
      But to-day it has befallen me so wonderfully that I cannot by any means recognise whether this be the city of the Ephesians or else any other.

Declension

Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative þing þing
accusative þing þing
genitive þinges þinga
dative þinge þingum

Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative þinġ þing
accusative þinġ þing
genitive þinġes þinga
dative þinġe þingum

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Hogg, Richard M. (2011) A Grammar of Old English: Volume 1: Phonology, page 256: “When a velar consonant occurred finally after /i/ or /j/ but preceded directly by a nasal, then palatalization still occurred. drinċ ‘drink’ imp., þinġ ‘thing’, hrinġ ‘ring’.”
  2. ^ R. D. Fulk (2014) An Introductory Grammar of Old English, published 2020, page 104:
    As for g after n, this is affricated, like c, only after i or a vowel that has undergone front mutation, as with nom.-acc. sg. þinġ ‘thing’ and menġan ‘mingle’ (from *mangjan); but affrication after -in- is prevented by a following back vowel: cf. singan. Presumably affrication also failed in nom.-acc. pl. þing < *þingu, but it may have been restored by analogy, though this cannot be known for certain.
  3. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 211
  4. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 128

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þingą.

Pronunciation

  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈθĩŋɡ/

Noun

þing n (genitive þings, plural þing)

  1. a legal assembly
    1. thing, a regional parliament of nearby clans, traditionally headed by an elected jarl
    2. a multi-regional parliament, with representatives from several þing
  2. a tryst

Declension

Declension of þing (strong a-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative þing þingit þing þingin
accusative þing þingit þing þingin
dative þingi þinginu þingum þingunum
genitive þings þingsins þinga þinganna

Descendants

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia