đá

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See also: đà, đã, đả, and Appendix:Variations of "da"

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (“rock”). Cognate with Arem atæːˀ. Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𪜀打, the simplified composition of 羅 (MC la) + 打 (MC taengX) (modern SV: la đả).

Schuessler (2007: p. 462) proposes that this Vietic word and Khmer ដា (daa) (which is likely borrowed from Vietnamese or another Vietic language instead of being inherited from a common source) might be related to Chinese 石 (OC *dAk) (B-S) (SV: thạch). However, this is unlikely due to both:

  • the mismatch between final *-k and *-ʔ, which requires Schuessler to assume that Chinese added "the familiar final -k" after foreign *-ʔ, resulting in *-ʔ-k > *-k (for an analogy, Old Chinese 汝 (OC *naʔ) > 若 (OC *nak)), therefore reducing his proposal's parsimony;
  • that so far only nasal pre-initials, not *-l-, are known to have a voicing effect on Old Chinese voiceless initials (see for an example Baxter & Sagart, 2014: p. 81-83, among others); so Proto-Vietic *l-t- would unlikely become Old Chinese *d-.

Noun

(classifier tảng, hòn, viên, cục) đá • (𥒥, 坧)

  1. rock, stone
  2. (by extension) ice as used for consumption or refrigeration
  3. (slang) meth, methamphetamine
Usage notes
  • tảng is often used to refer to big rocks, viên to small stones, hòn to mid-sized or small stones/rocks. cục is the colloquial classifier, used for stones and rocks of all sizes, although usually on the smaller side.
  • the above "rule" is not always followed.
Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ^ Schuessler, Axel (2007) ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese‎, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN.
  2. ^ Baxter, William H., Sagart, Laurent (2014) Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction, New York: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *taʔ. Cognate with Arem tʌːˀ.

Verb

đá • (打, 跢)

  1. to kick
    đòn đá ― a kick
    cú đá ― a kick
    các đòn đá taekwondo ― taekwondo kicks
  2. (colloquial, slang) to dump (one's girlfriend, boyfriend, etc.); to abandon
  3. (Southern Vietnam) to fight each other
  4. (Southern Vietnam) to go; to come by
  5. (colloquial, Northern Vietnam) to eat or drink
    đá bát phở ― to eat a bowl of phở
  6. (colloquial, Northern Vietnam) to steal
    Ai đá cái mũ của tao rồi? ― Who stole my hat?
Derived terms
See also
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia