Εὐρώπη
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See also: Ευρώπη
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
Uncertain, but either from:
- εὐρύς (eurús) + ὤψ (ṓps), literally meaning "wide face" (as a description of the beauty of the mythical Europa) or "broad eye" (metaphorically meaning something like "as far as the eye can see")
- Semitic origin; compare also Ἀσία (Asía), related to
- Akkadian 𒀭𒌓𒋙𒀀 (dUD.ŠU2.A /erebu, erbu/, “direction of the setting sun, occident, west”)
- Phoenician 𐤏𐤓𐤁 (ʿrb /ʿereb/, “evening”)
- Hebrew מַעֲרָב (maʿărāḇ, “occident, west”)
- Classical Syriac ܡܥܪܒܐ (maʿrəḇā, “occident, west”)
- Arabic غَرْب (ḡarb, “occident, west”) and غُرُوب (ḡurūb, “setting of the sun”)
- and specifically Aramaic עֲרוּבְתָּא f (ʿărūḇtā, “sunset; eve; Sabbath eve; Friday; Venus, Aphrodite”) of which the absolute state עֲרוּבָא f (ʿărūḇā) in the relevant Northwest Semitic chronolect and isolect would have lacked begedkefet and the second vowel /ɔː/
- From a separate Semitic root related to guarantees and exchanges, found in Arabic عَرَبُون (ʕarabūn, “down payment”), Hebrew בֶּן‑עֲרֻבָּה (ben‑ʿărubbāh, “hostages”), Classical Syriac ܥܪܘܒܐ (ˁārōḇā, “hostages”), stemming from mythology in which Europa is famously abducted; see the story of Cadmus, a figure also with Semitic associations, who seeks after his kidnapped sister.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /eu̯.rɔ̌ː.pɛː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ewˈro.pe̝/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eˈβro.pi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈvro.pi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈvro.pi/
Proper noun
Εὐρώπη • (Eurṓpē) f (genitive Εὐρώπης); first declension
Inflection
The personal name rarely takes a definite article.
Descendants
- Greek: Ευρώπη (Evrópi)
- → Latin: Europa (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: Եւրոպա (Ewropa), Եւրոպիա (Ewropia)
References
- “Εὐρώπη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “Εὐρώπη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,010
- Rotter, Gernot (1993) “Der dies veneris im vorislamischen Mekka, eine neue Deutung des Namens „Europa“ und eine Erklärung für kobar = Venus”, in Der Islam (in German), volume 70, number 1, , pages 122–139