δράω

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

Apparently from Proto-Hellenic *dráwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dréwh₂-eti (“to run, act”), which seems like an extension of *dreh₂- (“to run”), and cognate with Sanskrit द्राति (drā́ti, “to run”), द्रवति (drávati, “id”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

However, Beekes does not mention the aforementioned derivation, and instead mentions a connection with Lithuanian darýti (“to make, do”). Though the Lithuanian is a strong semantic match, it is generally thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”) and thus related to Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “dharma, morality”), phonetically precluding a relation with the Greek.[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

δρᾰ́ω • (dráō)

  1. to act, to take action, to achieve

Inflection

   Present: δρᾰ́ω, δρᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δρᾰ́ω δρᾰ́εις δρᾰ́ει δρᾰ́ετον δρᾰ́ετον δρᾰ́ομεν δρᾰ́ετε δρᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δρᾰ́ω δρᾰ́ῃς δρᾰ́ῃ δρᾰ́ητον δρᾰ́ητον δρᾰ́ωμεν δρᾰ́ητε δρᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative δρᾰ́οιμῐ δρᾰ́οις δρᾰ́οι δρᾰ́οιτον δρᾰοίτην δρᾰ́οιμεν δρᾰ́οιτε δρᾰ́οιεν
imperative   δρά δρᾰέτω δρᾰ́ετον δρᾰέτων   δρᾰ́ετε δρᾰόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δρᾰ́ομαι δρᾰ́ῃ,
δρᾰ́ει 		δρᾰ́εται δρᾰ́εσθον δρᾰ́εσθον δρᾰόμεθᾰ δρᾰ́εσθε δρᾰ́ονται
subjunctive δρᾰ́ωμαι δρᾰ́ῃ δρᾰ́ηται δρᾰ́ησθον δρᾰ́ησθον δρᾰώμεθᾰ δρᾰ́ησθε δρᾰ́ωνται
optative δρᾰοίμην δρᾰ́οιο δρᾰ́οιτο δρᾰ́οισθον δρᾰοίσθην δρᾰοίμεθᾰ δρᾰ́οισθε δρᾰ́οιντο
imperative   δρᾰ́ου δρᾰέσθω δρᾰ́εσθον δρᾰέσθων   δρᾰ́εσθε δρᾰέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δρᾰ́ειν δρᾰ́εσθαι
participle m δρᾰ́ων δρᾰόμενος
f δρᾰ́ουσᾰ δρᾰομένη
n δρᾰ́ον δρᾰόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: δρῶ, δρῶμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δρῶ δρᾷς δρᾷ δρᾶτον δρᾶτον δρῶμεν δρᾶτε δρῶσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δρῶ δρᾷς δρᾷ δρᾶτον δρᾶτον δρῶμεν δρᾶτε δρῶσῐ(ν)
optative δρῴην,
δρῷμῐ 		δρῴης,
δρῷς 		δρῴη,
δρῷ 		δρῷτον,
δρῴητον 		δρῴτην,
δρῳήτην 		δρῷμεν,
δρῴημεν 		δρῷτε,
δρῴητε 		δρῷεν,
δρῴησᾰν
imperative   δρά δρᾱ́τω δρᾶτον δρᾱ́των   δρᾶτε δρώντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δρῶμαι δρᾷ δρᾶται δρᾶσθον δρᾶσθον δρώμεθᾰ δρᾶσθε δρῶνται
subjunctive δρῶμαι δρᾷ δρᾶται δρᾶσθον δρᾶσθον δρώμεθᾰ δρᾶσθε δρῶνται
optative δρῴμην δρῷο δρῷτο δρῷσθον δρῴσθην δρῴμεθᾰ δρῷσθε δρῷντο
imperative   δρῶ δρᾱ́σθω δρᾶσθον δρᾱ́σθων   δρᾶσθε δρᾱ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δρᾶν δρᾶσθαι
participle m δρῶν δρώμενος
f δρῶσᾰ δρωμένη
n δρῶν δρώμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔδρᾰον, ἐδρᾰόμην (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδρᾰον ἔδρᾰες ἔδρᾰε(ν) ἐδρᾰ́ετον ἐδρᾰέτην ἐδρᾰ́ομεν ἐδρᾰ́ετε ἔδρᾰον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδρᾰόμην ἐδρᾰ́ου ἐδρᾰ́ετο ἐδρᾰ́εσθον ἐδρᾰέσθην ἐδρᾰόμεθᾰ ἐδρᾰ́εσθε ἐδρᾰ́οντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔδρων, ἐδρώμην (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδρων ἔδρᾱς ἔδρᾱ ἐδρᾶτον ἐδρᾱ́την ἐδρῶμεν ἐδρᾶτε ἔδρων
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδρώμην ἐδρῶ ἐδρᾶτο ἐδρᾶσθον ἐδρᾱ́σθην ἐδρώμεθᾰ ἐδρᾶσθε ἐδρῶντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: δρᾱ́σω, δρᾱ́σομαι, ἐδρᾱσθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δρᾱ́σω δρᾱ́σεις δρᾱ́σει δρᾱ́σετον δρᾱ́σετον δρᾱ́σομεν δρᾱ́σετε δρᾱ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative δρᾱ́σοιμῐ δρᾱ́σοις δρᾱ́σοι δρᾱ́σοιτον δρᾱσοίτην δρᾱ́σοιμεν δρᾱ́σοιτε δρᾱ́σοιεν
middle indicative δρᾱ́σομαι δρᾱ́σῃ,
δρᾱ́σει 		δρᾱ́σεται δρᾱ́σεσθον δρᾱ́σεσθον δρᾱσόμεθᾰ δρᾱ́σεσθε δρᾱ́σονται
optative δρᾱσοίμην δρᾱ́σοιο δρᾱ́σοιτο δρᾱ́σοισθον δρᾱσοίσθην δρᾱσοίμεθᾰ δρᾱ́σοισθε δρᾱ́σοιντο
passive indicative ἐδρᾱσθήσομαι ἐδρᾱσθήσῃ ἐδρᾱσθήσεται ἐδρᾱσθήσεσθον ἐδρᾱσθήσεσθον ἐδρᾱσθησόμεθᾰ ἐδρᾱσθήσεσθε ἐδρᾱσθήσονται
optative ἐδρᾱσθησοίμην ἐδρᾱσθήσοιο ἐδρᾱσθήσοιτο ἐδρᾱσθήσοισθον ἐδρᾱσθησοίσθην ἐδρᾱσθησοίμεθᾰ ἐδρᾱσθήσοισθε ἐδρᾱσθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive δρᾱ́σειν δρᾱ́σεσθαι ἐδρᾱσθήσεσθαι
participle m δρᾱ́σων δρᾱσόμενος ἐδρᾱσθησόμενος
f δρᾱ́σουσᾰ δρᾱσομένη ἐδρᾱσθησομένη
n δρᾶσον δρᾱσόμενον ἐδρᾱσθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔδρᾱσᾰ, ἐδρᾱσᾰ́μην, ἐδρᾱ́σθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδρᾱσᾰ ἔδρᾱσᾰς ἔδρᾱσε(ν) ἐδρᾱ́σᾰτον ἐδρᾱσᾰ́την ἐδρᾱ́σᾰμεν ἐδρᾱ́σᾰτε ἔδρᾱσᾰν
subjunctive δρᾱ́σω δρᾱ́σῃς δρᾱ́σῃ δρᾱ́σητον δρᾱ́σητον δρᾱ́σωμεν δρᾱ́σητε δρᾱ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative δρᾱ́σαιμῐ δρᾱ́σειᾰς,
δρᾱ́σαις 		δρᾱ́σειε(ν),
δρᾱ́σαι 		δρᾱ́σαιτον δρᾱσαίτην δρᾱ́σαιμεν δρᾱ́σαιτε δρᾱ́σειᾰν,
δρᾱ́σαιεν
imperative   δρᾶσον δρᾱσᾰ́τω δρᾱ́σᾰτον δρᾱσᾰ́των   δρᾱ́σᾰτε δρᾱσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐδρᾱσᾰ́μην ἐδρᾱ́σω ἐδρᾱ́σᾰτο ἐδρᾱ́σᾰσθον ἐδρᾱσᾰ́σθην ἐδρᾱσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐδρᾱ́σᾰσθε ἐδρᾱ́σᾰντο
subjunctive δρᾱ́σωμαι δρᾱ́σῃ δρᾱ́σηται δρᾱ́σησθον δρᾱ́σησθον δρᾱσώμεθᾰ δρᾱ́σησθε δρᾱ́σωνται
optative δρᾱσαίμην δρᾱ́σαιο δρᾱ́σαιτο δρᾱ́σαισθον δρᾱσαίσθην δρᾱσαίμεθᾰ δρᾱ́σαισθε δρᾱ́σαιντο
imperative   δρᾶσαι δρᾱσᾰ́σθω δρᾱ́σᾰσθον δρᾱσᾰ́σθων   δρᾱ́σᾰσθε δρᾱσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐδρᾱ́σθην ἐδρᾱ́σθης ἐδρᾱ́σθη ἐδρᾱ́σθητον ἐδρᾱσθήτην ἐδρᾱ́σθημεν ἐδρᾱ́σθητε ἐδρᾱ́σθησᾰν
subjunctive δρᾱσθῶ δρᾱσθῇς δρᾱσθῇ δρᾱσθῆτον δρᾱσθῆτον δρᾱσθῶμεν δρᾱσθῆτε δρᾱσθῶσῐ(ν)
optative δρᾱσθείην δρᾱσθείης δρᾱσθείη δρᾱσθεῖτον,
δρᾱσθείητον 		δρᾱσθείτην,
δρᾱσθειήτην 		δρᾱσθεῖμεν,
δρᾱσθείημεν 		δρᾱσθεῖτε,
δρᾱσθείητε 		δρᾱσθεῖεν,
δρᾱσθείησᾰν
imperative   δρᾱ́σθητῐ δρᾱσθήτω δρᾱ́σθητον δρᾱσθήτων   δρᾱ́σθητε δρᾱσθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive δρᾶσαι δρᾱ́σᾰσθαι δρᾱσθῆναι
participle m δρᾱ́σᾱς δρᾱσᾰ́μενος δρᾱσθείς
f δρᾱ́σᾱσᾰ δρᾱσᾰμένη δρᾱσθεῖσᾰ
n δρᾶσᾰν δρᾱσᾰ́μενον δρᾱσθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: δέδρᾱκᾰ, δέδρᾱμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δέδρᾱκᾰ δέδρᾱκᾰς δέδρᾱκε(ν) δεδρᾱ́κᾰτον δεδρᾱ́κᾰτον δεδρᾱ́κᾰμεν δεδρᾱ́κᾰτε δεδρᾱ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δεδρᾱ́κω δεδρᾱ́κῃς δεδρᾱ́κῃ δεδρᾱ́κητον δεδρᾱ́κητον δεδρᾱ́κωμεν δεδρᾱ́κητε δεδρᾱ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative δεδρᾱ́κοιμῐ,
δεδρᾱκοίην 		δεδρᾱ́κοις,
δεδρᾱκοίης 		δεδρᾱ́κοι,
δεδρᾱκοίη 		δεδρᾱ́κοιτον δεδρᾱκοίτην δεδρᾱ́κοιμεν δεδρᾱ́κοιτε δεδρᾱ́κοιεν
imperative   δέδρᾱκε δεδρᾱκέτω δεδρᾱ́κετον δεδρᾱκέτων   δεδρᾱ́κετε δεδρᾱκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δέδρᾱμαι δέδρᾱσαι δέδρᾱται δέδρᾱσθον δέδρᾱσθον δεδρᾱ́μεθᾰ δέδρᾱσθε δέδρᾱνται
subjunctive δεδρᾱμένος ὦ δεδρᾱμένος ᾖς δεδρᾱμένος ᾖ δεδρᾱμένω ἦτον δεδρᾱμένω ἦτον δεδρᾱμένοι ὦμεν δεδρᾱμένοι ἦτε δεδρᾱμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative δεδρᾱμένος εἴην δεδρᾱμένος εἴης δεδρᾱμένος εἴη δεδρᾱμένω εἴητον/εἶτον δεδρᾱμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην δεδρᾱμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν δεδρᾱμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε δεδρᾱμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   δέδρᾱσο δεδρᾱ́σθω δέδρᾱσθον δεδρᾱ́σθων   δέδρᾱσθε δεδρᾱ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δεδρᾱκέναι δεδρᾶσθαι
participle m δεδρᾱκώς δεδρᾱμένος
f δεδρᾱκυῖᾰ δεδρᾱμένη
n δεδρᾱκός δεδρᾱμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐδεδρᾱ́κειν, ἐδεδρᾱ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐδεδρᾱ́κειν,
ἐδεδρᾱ́κη 		ἐδεδρᾱ́κεις,
ἐδεδρᾱ́κης 		ἐδεδρᾱ́κει(ν) ἐδεδρᾱ́κετον ἐδεδρᾱκέτην ἐδεδρᾱ́κεμεν ἐδεδρᾱ́κετε ἐδεδρᾱ́κεσᾰν
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδεδρᾱ́μην ἐδέδρᾱσο ἐδέδρᾱτο ἐδέδρᾱσθον ἐδεδρᾱ́σθην ἐδεδρᾱ́μεθᾰ ἐδέδρᾱσθε ἐδέδρᾱντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δρᾰ́ω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 352-3

Further reading

Wikious
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