κάνναβις

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Ancient Greek

Κάνναβις, illustration in the Vienna Dioscurides

Alternative forms

Etymology

A Kulturwort or Wanderwort of unknown ultimate origin, perhaps Scythian or Thracian[1] (according to a remark made by Herodotus, that Scythians and Thracians knew the plant[2]) or possibly “belonging to the pre-Indo-European agricultural layer”.[3] A proposal going back to Schrader derives the word from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kana-pis: compare Eastern Mari кыне́ (kyńé), Western Mari кӹне (kÿńe, “hemp”) and Komi-Permyak пыш (pyš), Udmurt пыш (pyš, “hemp”),[4][5] but Finno-Ugricists deny the existence of such a compound.[6] Compare (wihtin the Indo-European language family) Albanian kërp, Old Armenian կանեփ (kanepʻ), կանափ (kanapʻ),[7] Proto-Slavic *konopь,[2][6] Lithuanian kanãpė, Latvian kaņepe, Old Prussian knapios, Proto-Germanic *hanapiz (> English hemp),[3] Middle Persian (kʾnb /⁠kā̆naβ⁠/), Persian کنب (kanab), کنو (kanav), کنف (kanaf, “kenaf”),[8] Northern Kurdish kinif,[9] Sogdian (kynpʾ /⁠kēnapā⁠/),[10] Khwarezmian (knb-ynk), Ossetian гӕн (gæn), гӕнӕ (gænæ), Khotanese 𐨐𐨎𐨱 (kaṃha), 𐨐𐨂𐨎𐨦𐨌 (kuṃbā),[11] Wakhi kəm,[12] perhaps also to Sanskrit शण (śaṇá), Middle Persian (šn' /⁠šan⁠/), the satem variants of the same etymon, and to Sanskrit भाङ्ग (bhāṅga), Persian بنگ (bang), the reverse forms of it (due to a taboo). Compare further Sumerian (kunibu),[1] Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 𒋆𒄣𒌦𒈾𒁍 (qunnabu, qunappu, qun(u)bu), Classical Syriac ܩܢܦܐ (qnpʾ),[3] Arabic قِنَّب (qinnab), Georgian კანაფი (ḳanapi), Svan ქან (kan), Mingrelian კიფი (ḳipi), Laz კერფი (ǩerpi), Adyghe кӏэп (kʼɛp), Kabardian щӏэп (śʼɛp), Abkhaz ақәны (akʷnə), Eastern Mari кыне (kyńe), Karakalpak (kenep), Turkish kendir. The interrelationship of all these forms is disputed.

Pronunciation

 

Noun

κάννᾰβῐς • (kánnabis) f (genitive καννάβῐος or καννάβεως or καννάβῐδος); third declension

  1. (uncountable) hemp (Cannabis sativa)
    Synonym: θᾰλᾰσσαίγλη (thalassaíglē)
  2. (countable) hemp seed

Declension

Third declension of ἡ κάνναβῐς; τῆς καννάβῐος (Attic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative ἡ κάνναβῐς
hē kánnabis
Genitive τῆς καννάβῐος / καννάβεως
tês kannábios / kannábeōs
Dative τῇ καννάβει
têi kannábei
Accusative τὴν κάνναβῐν
tḕn kánnabin
Vocative κάνναβῐ
kánnabi
Notes:
Third declension of ἡ κάνναβῐς; τῆς καννάβῐδος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Plural
Nominative ἡ κάνναβῐς
hē kánnabis 		αἱ καννάβῐδες
hai kannábides
Genitive τῆς καννάβῐδος
tês kannábidos 		τῶν κανναβῐ́δων
tôn kannabídōn
Dative τῇ καννάβῐδῐ
têi kannábidi 		ταῖς καννάβῐσῐ / καννάβῐσῐν
taîs kannábisi(n)
Accusative τὴν καννάβῐδᾰ
tḕn kannábida 		τᾱ̀ς καννάβῐδᾰς
tā̀s kannábidas
Vocative κάνναβῐς
kánnabis 		καννάβῐδες
kannábides
Notes:

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάνναβις”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 636-7
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “конопля”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “hanipa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  4. ^ Schrader, Otto (1901) Reallexikon der indogermanischen Altertumskunde: Grundzüge einer Kultur- und Völkergeschichte Alteuropas (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, page 331
  5. ^ Berneker, Erich (1908–1913) Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, page 559
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Trubachyov, Oleg et al., editors (1974–2021), “188”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 10
  7. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կանեփ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 513ab
  8. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 218–220
  9. ^ Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 552–553
  10. ^ Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 512–513
  11. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 51–52, 62
  12. ^ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 216

Further reading

  • “κάνναβις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “κάνναβις ἥμερος – Cannabis sativa”, in Dioscórides Interactivo‎ (in Spanish), 2024
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