κιθάρα
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Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
According to Beekes, acquired from Pre-Greek.[1] Said Pre-Greek term may be ultimately derived from or at least related to Proto-Hurro-Urartian *kinnar (“lyre, harp”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ki.tʰá.raː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kiˈtʰa.ra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ciˈθa.ra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ciˈθa.ra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ciˈθa.ra/
Noun
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ • (kithárā) f (genitive κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ hē kithárā |
τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ tṑ kithárā |
αἱ κῐθᾰ́ραι hai kithárai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς tês kithárās |
τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν toîn kithárain |
τῶν κῐθᾰρῶν tôn kitharôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ κῐθᾰ́ρᾳ têi kithárāi |
τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν toîn kithárain |
ταῖς κῐθᾰ́ραις taîs kithárais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν κῐθᾰ́ρᾱν tḕn kithárān |
τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ tṑ kithárā |
τᾱ̀ς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς tā̀s kithárās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ kithárā |
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ kithárā |
κῐθᾰ́ραι kithárai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Descendants
- → Latin: cithara (see there for further descendants)
- → Aramaic: קיתרא (qīṯārā), ܩܝܬܪܐ (qīṯārā)
- → Arabic: قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra) (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ), կեթառ (ketʻaṙ)
- → Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ) (learned)
- → Bulgarian: китара (kitára)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κιθάρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 694-5
Further reading
- “κιθάρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κιθάρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κιθάρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- G2788 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2019) “Armenian musical instruments: three etymologies”, in Tatevik Shakhkulyan, editor, Komitas Museum-Institute Yearbook, vol. IV, Yerevan: Komitas Museum-Institute, pages 187–189
Greek
Etymology
Semantic loan from Italian chitarra (from Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra), from Latin cithara), adapted to the form of Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára).
Pronunciation
Noun
κιθάρα • (kithára) f (plural κιθάρες)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | κιθάρα (kithára) | κιθάρες (kitháres) |
| genitive | κιθάρας (kitháras) | κιθαρών (kitharón) |
| accusative | κιθάρα (kithára) | κιθάρες (kitháres) |
| vocative | κιθάρα (kithára) | κιθάρες (kitháres) |
Derived terms
- ακουστική κιθάρα f (akoustikí kithára, “acoustic guitar”)
- άταστη κιθάρα f (átasti kithára, “fretless guitar”)
- ηλεκτρική κιθάρα f (ilektrikí kithára, “electric guitar”)
- κιθαρίστα m (kitharísta, “guitarist”)
- κιθαρίστας m (kitharístas, “guitarist”) (Katharevousa)
- κιθαριστής f (kitharistís, “guitarist”)
- κιθαρίστρια f (kitharístria, “guitarist”)
- κλασσική κιθάρα f (klassikí kithára, “classical guitar”)
- λαϊκή κιθάρα f (laïkí kithára, “folk guitar”)
- μπασοκίθαρο n (basokítharo, “bass guitar”)
- ρωσική κιθάρα f (rosikí kithára, “Russian guitar”)
Further reading
κιθάρα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
