верх

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Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (whence also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wers-.

Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian viršus and Latvian virsus. Other Indo-European cognates include Latin verruca (a steep place, height), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, reef, rock, hill).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
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Noun

верх (verxm inan (genitive ве́рха, nominative plural верхи́, genitive plural верхо́в)

  1. top, upper part, roof, dome, height
    • 1925, Михаил Булгаков [Mikhail Bulgakov], “Глава 8. История в совхозе”, in Роковые яйца; English translation from K. M. Cook-Horujy, transl., The Fateful Eggs, Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1990:
      Зате́м верх бревна́ надломи́лся, немно́го склони́лся и над Алекса́ндром Семё́новичем оказа́лось что́-то напомина́ющее по высоте́ электри́ческий моско́вский столб.
      Zatém verx brevná nadlomílsja, nemnógo sklonílsja i nad Aleksándrom Semjónovičem okazálosʹ štó-to napominájuščeje po vysoté elektríčeskij moskóvskij stolb.
      Then the top of the log cracked, bent down slightly, and something about the height of a Moscow electric lamp-post loomed over Alexander Semyonovich.
  2. (figuratively) summit, apex
    совеща́ние в верха́хsoveščánije v verxáxsummit meeting
  3. the highest degree of something
    Э́то верх глу́пости!Éto verx glúposti!This is the height of stupidity!
  4. upper class
    Antonym: низ (niz)
  5. (arm-wrestling) top-roll
    Coordinate terms: крюк (krjuk), бок (bok), три́цепс (tríceps)

Declension

Noun

верх (verxm inan (genitive ве́рха, nominative plural верха́, genitive plural верхо́в)

  1. right side (of clothing, fabric), shoe upper, boot top
  2. hood, top, soft top, rag top of a carriage or convertible automobile
  3. cap, cover, outside, shell (clothing, as opposed to a lining)

Declension

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

верх (verxm inan (genitive ве́рху, nominative plural верхи́, genitive plural верхі́в)

  1. top, upper part
    Antonym: низ (nyz)
  2. surface
  3. (figurative) upper hand
  4. (colloquial, plural only) elite, leaders
  5. high notes, upper register
    Antonym: низи́ (nyzý)

Declension

Noun

верх (verxm inan (genitive верха́, nominative plural верхи́, genitive plural верхі́в)

  1. dome, cupola
  2. roof
  3. chimney
  4. outer side (of a garment)

Declension

Derived terms

Preposition

верх (verx) (relational, g(genitive)or g(locative))

  1. (dialectal) on, on top of
    Synonyms: по́верх (póverx), зве́рху (zvérxu)