государь

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Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic государь (gosudarĭ), a later form of господарь (gospodarĭ). The reshaping of the latter has been explained by the influence of the root суд- (sud-, “to judge”) or by a relaxed pronunciation.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

госуда́рь • (gosudárʹ) m anim (genitive госуда́ря, nominative plural госуда́ри, genitive plural госуда́рей, feminine госуда́рыня, relational adjective госуда́рев)

  1. sovereign
  2. Your Majesty
  3. sire
    ми́лостивый госуда́рь ― mílostivyj gosudárʹ ― Sir; Dear sir (in letters)
    • 1869, Лев Толстой , “Том 2, Часть вторая, II”, in Война и мир; English translation from Aylmer and Louise Maude, transl., War and Peace, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922–1923:
      — Вы несча́стливы, госуда́рь мой, — продолжа́л он. — Вы мо́лоды, я стар. Я бы жела́л по ме́ре мои́х сил помо́чь вам.
      — Vy nesčástlivy, gosudárʹ moj, — prodolžál on. — Vy mólody, ja star. Ja by želál po mére moíx sil pomóčʹ vam.
      "You are unhappy, my dear sir," the stranger continued. "You are young and I am old. I should like to help you as far as lies in my power."

Declension

Declension of госуда́рь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative госуда́рь
gosudárʹ 		госуда́ри
gosudári
genitive госуда́ря
gosudárja 		госуда́рей
gosudárej
dative госуда́рю
gosudárju 		госуда́рям
gosudárjam
accusative госуда́ря
gosudárja 		госуда́рей
gosudárej
instrumental госуда́рем
gosudárem 		госуда́рями
gosudárjami
prepositional госуда́ре
gosudáre 		госуда́рях
gosudárjax
Pre-reform declension of госуда́рь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative госуда́рь
gosudárʹ 		госуда́ри
gosudári
genitive госуда́ря
gosudárja 		госуда́рей
gosudárej
dative госуда́рю
gosudárju 		госуда́рямъ
gosudárjam
accusative госуда́ря
gosudárja 		госуда́рей
gosudárej
instrumental госуда́ремъ
gosudárem 		госуда́рями
gosudárjami
prepositional госуда́рѣ
gosudárě 		госуда́ряхъ
gosudárjax

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “государь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  2. ^ Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “государь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 210
  3. ^ The template Template:R:ru:Tsyganenko does not use the parameter(s): 
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    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989) “государь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN
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