есть

• есте (este)^[1][2][3] (year 1165±25)
• е (e)^[4][5][6] (year 1170±10)
• ѥсть (jestĭ)^[7][8] (year 1350±10)

First attested as есть (estĭ) in year 1095±25. From Proto-Slavic *estь.

есть • (estĭ)

1. third-person singular present of бꙑти (byti)

• Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 715
• “letter no. 752”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024
• “letter no. 736”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024
• “letter no. 819”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.

• ѣсть (jěstʹ) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

• (proscribed, only the infinitive and its derivations)

есть • (jestʹ) impf (perfective съесть or пое́сть)

1. to eat

   Russian Synodal Bible, Mark 2.26:

   • Как вошел он в дом Божий при первосвященнике Авиафаре и ел хлебы предложения, которых не должно было есть никому, кроме священников, и дал и бывшим с ним?

     Kak vošel on v dom Božij pri pervosvjaščennike Aviafare i jel xleby predloženija, kotoryx ne dolžno bylo jestʹ nikomu, krome svjaščennikov, i dal i byvšim s nim?

     How did he enter the house of God in the presence of the High Priest Abiathar and eat the bread of offering, which should not be eaten by no one other than the High Priest, and give it to those that were with him?

   Он ел мя́со и сала́т. ― On jel mjáso i salát. ― He was eating meat and salad.

   есть поедо́м ― jestʹ pojedóm ― to make someone's life a misery by nagging

• ку́шать (kúšatʹ)

From Proto-Slavic *estь.

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

есть • (jestʹ)

1. inflection of быть (bytʹ):
   1. present indicative
   2. first/second/third-person singular/plural present indicative imperfective

   Russian Synodal Bible, Mark 2.28:

   • посему Сын Человеческий есть господин и субботы.

     posemu Syn Čelovečeskij jestʹ gospodin i subboty.

     therefore the Son of Mankind is the lord of the Sabbath

2. there is, there are, exists/exist (expresses availability, existence or presence)

   Antonym: нет (net)

   в э́той газе́те есть интере́сная статья́ ― v étoj gazéte jestʹ interésnaja statʹjá ― there is an interesting article in this newspaper

3. am/is/are located (at) (usually omitted)
4. used to express possession

   у меня́ есть вопро́с ― u menjá jestʹ voprós ― I have a question

5. am, is, are (used with any person or thing in any number, usually omitted but used for emphasis)

   кто ты есть? ― kto ty jestʹ? ― who are you (at all)?

• This form of быть (bytʹ) is special and most frequently used in the present tense, for past and future tense and other forms, see быть (bytʹ).
• The pre-reform orthography (1918) form ѣсть (jěstʹ) doesn't apply to this sense, only to the sense "to eat"; thus, the two terms were spelled differently before the reform.

Borrowed from English yes.

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

есть • (jestʹ) (military, not in general use)

1. yes!, hooray!
2. okay, right, roger
3. (military) yessir!
4. (nautical) aye-aye!

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “есть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

• сеть (setʹ)